She had departed Florida on Sunday Night on Harmony of the Seas, three days into a seven-night cruise with her family.
Police spokesperson Chrislyn Skipping told media that the woman was taking part in a shore excursion with a local snorkelling company, in an area popular with cruise tourists.
Cruise owners Royal Caribbean International released a statement on Tuesday saying they were "providing support and assistance to the guest's loved ones during this difficult time."
A similar incident took place at the beach in 2019, when a 21-year-old American tourist was killed by a shark. This took place less than a kilometre from Tuesday's attack.
Despite the intense public attention, local authorities said that shark attacks are extremely rare.
A Florida-based shark attack database, the Shark Attack File reported that the Bahamas accounted for the highest number of shark attacks in the region - although this was only 32 attacks in the last 270 years.
Michael Heithaus, a marine biologist at Florida International University, told the Associated press that the Bahamas accounted for a disproportionate number of shark attacks due to the high number of tourists in the water.
Last year there were 73 confirmed unprovoked shark attacks globally, nine of which were fatal.