Maskirovka – which translates as “little masquerade” – the strategy of denial, disinformation and deception has been central to Soviet military planning for generations.
An inflatable surface to air missile is manufactured in the Czech Republic to send to Ukraine. Photo / Supplied
Smoke and mirrors
But now it is Ukraine that is using smoke and mirrors to sucker Russian forces into wasting valuable resources on dummy targets.
The Iris-T “destroyed” in the southern region of Kherson was a dummy.
Dozens of decoys like this have been littered across the front lines by Kyiv in a bid to level the playing field.
Ukraine is acutely aware that Moscow’s occupational forces have more long-range munitions available to them.
“It’s a tactic of making the Russians use their drones for nothing,” a Ukrainian source told the Telegraph.
Fake versions of the American Himars rocket launcher, M777 artillery howitzers, Leopard 2 tanks, soviet-era Buk surface-to-air missile launchers and radar systems have all been laid out on the battlefield.
From above, Russian drone operators can easily be duped into believing they have unearthed a prized enemy system. In reality they are blasting targets made of wood, cardboard and scrap metal.
Some inflatable targets are also being laid down.
The Czechs 💗 showed how they make the inflatable M270 MLRS and Himars used in Ukraine as decoy targets. Now it will be clear which Himars installations Konashenkov destroys every day in his reports. pic.twitter.com/j5CHl2ywXp
— ✙ Andriy The Tall Cossack ✙ 🇺🇦🇺🇲 (@AndriyNafo18) February 22, 2023
Ukrainian officials hold their cards close to their chests on the deception operations.
They would prefer it if the Russians genuinely believed they had destroyed a Himars or an Iris-T rather than mocking them, one official said.
However, news reports and battlefield footage circulated on social media have shown decoys being targeted.
“The enemy is not stupid. We have to adapt … we always look to add something new in our work,” a spokesman for Metinvest told the Kyiv Post.
Early examples of fake Himars were wooden frames mounted on pick-up trucks.
The latest versions are made of metal and contain real heat and radar sources to trick Russia’s thermal imaging cameras and other monitors.
With Russia often failing to completely destroy the decoys, the sturdier, metal frames can be hauled off the battlefield for repairs.
Metinvest’s version of the US-donated M777 155mm howitzer uses a drainpipe to replicate its barrel and is sent to the front lines in “flatpack”, according to the firm.
Cheap fakes
It costs about £800 ($1.6 million) to manufacture and can be erected in about 30 minutes.
In comparison, the actual weapons cost about £3 million ($6m), with the missiles used by Russia to destroy them costing up to £5 million ($10m).
The conflict in Ukraine, experts say, has become characteristic of a style of warfare where low-cost weapons are being used to destroy high-costing equipment.
A British-donated Challenger 2 tank, the first of its kind to be destroyed by enemy fire, was taken out by a Russian loitering munition, likely costing £24,000 ($48,000).
While the art of blow-up tanks and mock weapons is not a new phenomenon – the United States fielded an entire “ghost army”, complete with sound effects and false radio signals during the Second World War – Ukraine believes the approach still works.
“They [Russians] feel happy that they’ve destroyed our kit, but in reality the kit is not damaged,” a source said.
