Yesterday, the skies over the zoo were choked with softball-sized hail. It raked enclosures and struck guests, staffers and animals alike. One visitor's video shows hail plunging into the water at a bear enclosure and violently churning the water like a wave thrashing a rocky shore.
At least 14 people and a number of animals were injured, and hundreds of cars were damaged. The guests and staff were evacuated. A 4-year-old Muscovy duck named Daisy was killed.
Motswari, too, lay dead. She was 13.
Every dead Cape vulture has an impact on the species, which has declined as much as 94 per cent in three generations, Wolter's group said last year.
But there are fewer than 20 in the United States, where conservationists focus on breeding in an effort to release more in the wild, Wolter said. Their work demands genetically pure birds - hatched at the glacial pace of one egg per year - to avoid specimens weakened by inbreeding.
Their offspring heading back to Africa need to be tough. Mostwari was as tough as they came, a mother in her breeding prime.
"It's a massive loss," Wolter said of her death.
Cape vultures crisscross southern Africa in a vast network, stretching from Namibia, Botswana, Lesotho and others. One tagged vulture visited eight countries in eight days, soaring high to scan the ground for dead animals to scavenge.
The vultures can eye potential meals from up to nearly 6.5km away, Wolter said.
And they signal to each other using movement; one vulture finds a carcass and begins circling, and responding birds in the area form a direct flight path, like the churning arms of a galaxy.
Their colonies, perched on ledges judged from high mountains, can include hundreds of birds. They are communal and friendly. "The more the merrier" in the colonies, Wolter said.
Yet the popular conception of vultures as filthy, aggressive birds choking down rotten meat have stained the image of vultures, which can blunt conservation or awareness efforts, Wolter said. People tend to envision the Looney Tunes version - divebombing, mean-spirited animals.
Or, their mind reaches for perhaps the most prominent image of the bird: Kevin Carter's 1993 photo of a vulture leering over a starving child in Sudan. The Pulitzer-winning photo shocked the world and spurred calls for humanitarian intervention.
But the photo was widely misinterpreted, Wolter said, and people thought of the bird as a feathered Grim Reaper. Vultures eat things that are dead but not decomposed. It was likely around to eat scraps, and some even eat human waste. So it was probably keeping the area clean.
It would not eat a child alive, or even recently dead. It's not strong enough, Wolter said.
"That did a lot of good for Africa," Wolter said of the photo, "but a lot of bad for vultures."
Around 4,200 breeding pairs remain, she said, and Africa would benefit from a reversal in their fortunes. If they can get to carcasses first, their iron stomachs help protect them from diseases that ravage people and animals, blunting diseases like Anthrax, tuberculosis and rabies, Wolter said.
That also helps reduce places where vectors like blowflies can pick up and transmit bacteria. Losing vultures, then, could prove "disastrous" for people and livestock, she said.
