During the formal send-off, the 37-year-old broke down as he thanked his parents for standing by him during his 15 years of cricket.
"All the support and love they showed over the years, whether I played cricket or not, whether I did well or not, the only place I could go and feel safe was home. So thank you 'amma' (mother) and 'apachchi' (father)," Sangakkara said.
Sangakkara, the fifth highest run-getter in Test history, finished with 12,400 runs from 134 Tests at an average of 57.40. He scored 38 centuries, including a best of 319 against Bangladesh in Chittagong last year.
He follows Sachin Tendulkar, Ricky Ponting, Jacques Kallis and Rahul Dravid in the all-time list of leading Test scorers. ICC chief executive David Richardson paid tribute to Sangakkara as "one of cricket's greatest ever players and ambassadors."
"By scoring a total of 28,016 runs across all three formats, he puts himself in the higher echelons of players to ever grace the game.
"Sangakkara will rightly go down as one of cricket's greatest-ever players and ambassadors," Richardson said in an ICC statement.