''It's just putting yourself into pain. In rowing, it is pretty easy.
''As soon as you start the race you're hitting the red zone. You're in a lot of pain and it's just about managing it and keeping in that zone where you don't fail and can keep pushing.
''In sailing it's much the same. You're really pushing everything you've got.
''You have to be really single focussed, nothing else matters apart from that one goal of putting out as much power as you can.''
Van Velthooven, bronze medallist in the keirin at the London Olympics five years ago, went a step further.
''When he goes into those dark places, he doesn't know what's going on and sometimes in training he can't see after doing a big effort,'' he said of Sullivan.
''He knows how to push himself, but when you're pushing as hard as you can and you're told it's time to run across the boat you've got to keep conscious 100 percent or else you're falling off the front or the back.''
Van Velthooven said the physical exertion is distinctly different to riding a bike.
''You're pulling and pushing a dead weight so you need to train the right muscle for the right movement.
''It was a learning curve for me as well as the team to train your body to power the pump.''
Sullivan, double sculling gold medallist with Nathan Cohen in London, said the cyclors needed plenty of recovery time.
''It hurts a lot, definitely destroys muscle and it's not something you can do a lot over and over.
''Recovery is extremely important, rest and making sure we're eating the right foods and keeping well hydrated.''