CERT NZ director Rob Pope: says although reported incidents dipped in the fourth quarter, risks are getting more severe. Photo / Supplied
Reported cyber-security incidents jumped by 65 per cent to 7809 in 2020, Crown agency CERT NZ says in its latest report.
It was a year that began with high-profile attacks on F&P Appliances, Toll Group and Lion, and ended with the NZX being overwhelmed by a Distributed Denial of Service attack and an embarrassing data breach for the Reserve Bank - already criticised by its own chief technology officer for sticking with an out-dated file-sharing service. In between thousands of small businesses and individuals were hit.
CERT (the Computer Emergency Response Team) says reported losses only increased modestly, from $16.7m to $16.9m - but experts say losses can be hard to quantify, and are not always reported by people or companies, who do not want to admit being duped.
CERT director Rob Pope said that although substantial, those incidents reported were "just the tip of the iceberg."
The agency saw big increases in phishing attacks, credential harvesting, scams and fraud - in short, various methods used by hackers to trick you into handing over personal details and passwords by pretending to be someone - or some organisation - they're not.
Governments worldwide have tracked similar surges in online attacks.
In part, the phenomenon has been put down to "bad state actors" increasingly using malware as a geopolitical weapon, including what the Biden administration saw as China's mass attack on Microsoft Outlook users.
But earlier, AUT computer science professor Dave Parry said it had partly been driven by the pandemic. Covid-19 had driven many to work from poorly-protected home offices just as a lot of organised crime was turning to the internet as a new source of revenue as lockdown's reduced opportunities for "real-world" theft.
And earlier this month, Kordia chief information security officer Hilary Walton pointed to survey results that indicated many companies thought they were doing a better job at cyber-security under the "new normal" than was actually the case. IT bosses thought they were getting the message across, while staff were often confused, or simply not following the drill. One-third confessed to using the same password for multiple services.
Another concern raised by the same survey least 15 per cent of parents were letting their kids play on the devices they use for work.
Reactions in different countries have different, in terms of urgency.
In the US, President Joe Biden recently launched an emergency taskforce to address the aggressive cyberattack on hundreds of thousands of Microsoft Exchange customers around the world. After a wave of cyber-attacks against Australia last year, Prime Minister Scott Morrison said his country needed to put itself on a "war-footing" against hackers, and announced A$1.35 billion ($1.4b) in new spending to support efforts to defend the country's public and private networks - a stark contrast to single-digit million increases at NZ's last Budget. Here, new Digital Economy and Communications Minister David Clark told the Herald last week, "Any increase to cybersecurity spending is subject to Budget decisions. Decisions on Budget 2021 are still being considered."
Although there was a modest tail off in reported incidents in the fourth quarter, Pope warns that the overall trend is up, and that the level of risk is rising.
And as Juha Saarinen points out, there's been an increase in the severity of attacks.
It can be tricky for police to apprehend hackers or retrieve stolen data or money defrauded by cyber-scammers.
But increasing international co-operation means it can happen and prosecutions do happen.
Late last year, the owner/operator of a business reported a scam to CERT NZ, the agency reports.
The owner had received what they thought was a legitimate email from an overseas supplier with details of a new bank account, requesting the business make invoice payments to the new account number.
The business updated the account details and paid the supplier's invoice. It wasn't until after the payment had been made that the business became concerned it was a scam, and reported the incident to CERT NZ.
The agency worked with the business and discovered an attacker had likely accessed the supplier's email account and sent the scam email in an attempt to redirect any payments to their account instead.
CERT NZ quickly referred the incident and reported financial loss to NZ Police's Cyber Crimes Unit.
Through their network of international partners, NZ Police helped track the transaction and recover the large payment, before it had reached the attacker's account.
The moral of the story: your best shot at recovery is to report a cyber-security incident to CERT NZ, which can in turn refer your case to the right law enforcement contacts.
Both police and CERT NZ recommend against paying a ransom to retrieve data. There's no guarantee you'll get your files back, or that their contents won't later be used to embarrass or blackmail you regardless. Police also caution that paying up - although legal - encourages more offending.
The advice from CERT and other experts is:
• Do not to trust any invoice sent by email (always confirm by phone if it is a substantial amount)
• Never share a password or logon by email or phone (a legitimate organisation will ask you to reset it yourself, if need be)
• Use a different password for every account - and a password manager to manage all your logons
• Keep all your software up-to-date, not just your security software.
• If your home WiFi router is several years old, it could be a major weak point in your internet security. Call your ISP and arrange for an upgrade.
• Backup all your files - including a "cold" backups of key files (that means, offline as well as a cloud or online service.
&bull Where possible, use two-factor authentication such as a code sent to a smartphone for logons to an account from a new device.