His campaign had been highly critical of Hillary Clinton's ties to the banking sector in the lead-up to the poll.
Jay Clayton, a lawyer with ties to Goldman Sachs, will lead the United States Securities and Exchange Commission under Trump's administration in an appointment that was criticised by Democrats conservatives.
"It's hard to see how an attorney who's spent his career helping Wall Street beat the rap will keep President-elect Trump's promise to stop big banks and hedge funds from 'getting away with murder'," Senator Sherrod Brow told Politico.
Other controversial appointments include Steven Mnuchin, a hedge-fund manager and former Goldman trader, who will be Treasury secretary; Steve Bannon, who will be a top White House adviser to Trump, and Gary Cohn, Goldman's longtime president who was named director of the National Economic Council - plus reality television "supervillain" Omarosa Manigault, an alumnus of The Apprentice.
The Journal analysed Morningstar data, which it said showed that six funds at Vanguard own about US$225.7m worth of Trump debt, while seven funds at T Rowe Price owned US$98.2m, five funds at JPMorgan Chase owned US$51m and four funds at PIMCO owned US$49.5m.
Other funds reported to hold debt connected to Mr Trump's companies included Prudential, Fidelity Investments, Wells Fargo and BlackRock, the Journal said.