Trial opens in US for Bolivian ex-president in 2003 killings

FORT LAUDERDALE, Fla. (AP) — A former president of Bolivia and his one-time defense minister went on trial Tuesday in connection with a lawsuit filed by family members who they say their relatives were indiscriminately shot by the military in a heavy-handed attempt to quell civil unrest in 2003.

The federal case against former President Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada, and his former defense minister, Jose Carlos Sanchez Berzain, has been pending since 2007. It was brought by families of eight people shot and killed under the Torture Victim Protection Act, which authorizes lawsuits in the U.S. for extrajudicial killings in foreign countries.

The lawsuit seeks unspecified damages from the two men, who have lived in the U.S. since fleeing Bolivia in 2003. Leftist Evo Morales, who was behind many of those protests, mainly by indigenous Aymara Bolivians like himself, became president later that year and remains so today.

In their opening statements to the jury, attorneys for both sides gave competing versions of events in the fall of 2003, when a series of sometimes-violent protests in Bolivia over use of the country's vast natural gas reserves came to a head. Protesters blockaded many towns and cities, including the capital La Paz, and confrontations between police and protesters frequently turned violent.

Joseph Sorkin, attorney for the Bolivian families, said he would show over the next several weeks of trial that Sanchez de Lozada and Sanchez Berzain were responsible for the deaths by authorizing the military to move in and halt protests by any means necessary. He said unarmed civilians were shot down in the streets and people killed inside their homes, including an 8-year-old girl.

"What I'm talking about is the indiscriminate shooting of fleeing people. At windows of homes. At anything that moved," Sorkin said. "While neither of the defendants pulled the triggers, they are responsible."

But Ana Reyes, who represents the two former Bolivian officials, said the civilian deaths, while tragic, were more a product of crossfire than deliberate killings by soldiers. She said an investigation into the deaths determined that the military's response was "proportionate and measured."

"The evidence is going to show that there was no plan to kill people. There was a crisis and the government had to respond," Reyes told jurors.

Reyes contended that the real blame lay with Morales and fellow protest organizer Felipe Quiste, rather than the former president and defense minister, because their real aim was to overthrow the government.

"The men responsible for that tragedy are not in the courthouse today," she said.

Family members of the eight victims are expected to testify, as are Sanchez de Lozada and Sanchez Berzain, their lawyers said.

Sorkin said the family members are relieved to finally get their day in court. An estimated 50 people were killed in the confrontations between the Bolivian military and protesters or civilians in September and October 2003.

"They are honored to be here," he said.

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