Committee chairman Elijah Cummings, D, said "there's a lot of agreement" among lawmakers that the technology should be regulated. The question, he said, is whether the systems should face a moratorium while the technology is assessed or refined, or whether it should be banned outright.
The committee's ranking Republican, Representative Jim Jordan, of Ohio, compared the technology to the Big Brother dystopian novel 1984 and said it threatened Americans' First and Fourth Amendment rights of free speech and protections against unreasonable searches.
"Seems to me it's time for a timeout," he said. "Doesn't matter what side of the political spectrum you're on, this should concern us all."
The technology's higher rate of inaccuracies when scanning people of colour - as shown in research led by Joy Buolamwini, an artificial intelligence researcher for the M.I.T. Media Lab who testified at the hearing - also led some lawmakers to question more generally the lack of racial diversity in the American tech industry.
"We have a technology that was created and designed by one demographic, that is only mostly effective on that one demographic, and they're trying to sell it and impose it on the entirety of the country," Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D, said.
Daniel Castro, the vice-president at the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, an industry-backed think-tank, said that calls for bans or moratoriums on how police use the technology "are misguided and will only undercut efforts to make police agencies more efficient and effective in protecting local communities."
The group has urged policymakers to "focus on a balanced approach" that would implement additional testing and oversight while still allowing police to use it while investigating crimes.
The technology has faced intensifying pressure over its potential for misidentification and abuse. San Francisco last week became the first city in America to ban facial-recognition use by local police and city agencies. Local lawmakers in California and Massachusetts are considering similar measures.
The hearing came as the Trump Administration considers a possible blacklist of Chinese tech companies, such as the video-surveillance giant Hikvision, that have developed facial-recognition software and other technologies used in the monitoring and detention of Muslim Uighurs in China's Xinjiang region.
Not even Amazon, which has developed a facial-recognition system, Rekognition, currently used by police has escaped internal questions about the technology. During its annual shareholders' meeting today, investors were asked to vote on two proposals that would have demanded further study of the technology's potential human-rights risks or prevented the company from selling it to government agencies.
Both shareholder proposals failed. The company said it will reveal exact vote figures later this week.
But Amazon, too, said it supports calls for an "appropriate national legislative framework" restricting the technology's police and government use. Matt Wood, the general manager of artificial intelligence for Amazon Web Services, said that the technology can "materially benefit society," and has been used to identify victims of human trafficking.
"We remain committed to working with Congress to ensure the protection of civil liberties while promoting transparency and accountability in the use of facial recognition technology," Wood said.
Jake Laperruque, senior counsel at The Constitution Project at the watchdog group Project On Government Oversight, said the hearing "showed a strong bipartisan support for limiting facial recognition surveillance, and doing so promptly. Unrestricted facial recognition is widespread and affects hundreds of millions of Americans, but it is clearly not sustainable."
