Instead of being run by financial institutions, the bitcoin network is maintained by computers solving cryptographic puzzles and creating new "blocks", records of transactions, for which they are rewarded in fees and newly minted bitcoins.
The growth of the network means that mining now requires supercomputers and enormous energy bills, turning what was once an amateur hobby into a professional endeavour, carried out at companies like Bitfarms.
The company is North America's largest cryptocurrency mining operation, according to Natural Resource Holdings' stock exchange announcement.
Before the announcement, Natural Resource Holdings was largely invested in a handful of gold, metal and silver mines across the US.
It is far from the first listed company to cash in on investor excitement about cryptocurrency.
Shares in London-based On-Line jumped more than 300 per cent when it announced it was changing its name to "On-Line Blockchain", while shares in a small biotech firm, Bioptix, rocketed more than 200 per cent after changing its name to "Riot Blockchain".
Bitcoin is trading above US$17,000.