US Treasuries gained, pushing the yield on the 10-year note seven basis points lower to 2.10 percent.
"The continued risk-off sentiment is helping the rates market," Shyam Rajan, head of US rates strategy at Bank of America in New York, one of the 22 primary dealers that trade with the Federal Reserve, told Bloomberg. "The key drivers remain China and oil prices."
Slides in shares of Home Depot and those of Goldman Sachs, last trading 2.3 percent and 2.2 percent lower respectively, led the drop in the Dow.
Investors took some heart from China's latest trade data, as well as signs that its efforts to stabilise its equity and currency markets are gaining traction.
"We believe China is sending a strong message to speculators and trying to stabilise RMB depreciation expectations," HSBC said in a research note, according to Reuters.
A Reuters poll of economists forecast China will report on January 19 that its economic growth slowed to 6.8 percent in the fourth quarter, from 6.9 percent in the third quarter.
Bucking the trend, shares of General Motors rose, last trading 1 percent higher, after the company lifted its 2016 earnings per share forecast. The car maker also said it will increase its stock buyback program by US$4 billion to US$9 billion, and raise its dividend.
General Motors increased its 2016 earnings per share forecast to between US$5.25 and US$5.75 per share, up from its October 1 forecast for between US$5.00 and US$5.50 per share.
CEO Mary Barra remained optimistic about China.
"We still are very strong on China," Barra said, according to Reuters. Long term, the Chinese auto market could grow to 35 million vehicles from about 25 million currently, she said. Even so, "it's going to be very volatile."
In Europe, the Stoxx 600 Index finished the session with a 0.4 percent advance from the previous close. France's CAC 40 Index added 0.3 percent, while the UK's FTSE 100 Index gained 0.5 percent. Germany's DAX Index fell 0.3 percent.