A street market in Caracas, the Venezuelan capital, on October 10. The Trump Administration has secretly authorised the CIA to conduct covert action in Venezuela, according to US officials. Photo / Adriana Loureiro Fernandez, The New York Times
The Trump Administration has secretly authorised the CIA to conduct covert action in Venezuela, according to United States officials, stepping up a campaign against Nicolas Maduro, the country’s authoritarian leader.
The authorisation is the latest step in the Trump Administration’s intensifying pressure campaign against Venezuela.
For weeks, the US military has been targeting boats off the Venezuelan coast it says are transporting drugs, killing 27 people.
US officials have been clear, privately, that the end goal is to drive Maduro from power.
President Donald Trump acknowledged yesterday that he had authorised the covert action and said the US was considering strikes on Venezuelan territory.
“We are certainly looking at land now, because we’ve got the sea very well under control,” the President told reporters hours after the New York Times reported the secret authorisation.
Any strikes on Venezuelan territory would be a significant escalation.
After several of the boat strikes, the Administration made the point that the operations had taken place in international waters.
The new authority would allow the CIA to carry out lethal operations in Venezuela and conduct a range of operations in the Caribbean.
The agency would be able to take covert action against Maduro or his government either unilaterally or in conjunction with a larger military operation.
It is not known whether the CIA is planning any specific operations in Venezuela.
The development comes as the US military is planning its own possible escalation, drawing up options for Trump to consider, including strikes inside Venezuela.
The scale of the military build-up in the region is substantial.
There are currently 10,000 US troops there, most of them at bases in Puerto Rico, but also a contingent of Marines on amphibious assault ships.
In all, the Navy has eight surface warships and a submarine in the Caribbean.
The new authorities, known in intelligence jargon as a presidential finding, were described by multiple US officials who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss the highly classified document.
In a statement, Venezuela rejected Trump’s “bellicose” language and accused him of seeking “to legitimise regime change with the ultimate goal of appropriating Venezuela’s petroleum resources”.
Venezuela said it planned to raise the matter at the UN Security Council today, calling Trump’s actions “a grave violation of the UN charter”.
Trump ordered an end to diplomatic talks with the Maduro Government this month as he grew frustrated with the Venezuelan leader’s failure to accede to US demands to give up power voluntarily and the continued insistence by officials that they had no part in drug trafficking.
The CIA has long had authority to work with governments in Latin America on security matters and intelligence sharing.
That has allowed the agency to work with Mexican officials to target drug cartels. Those authorisations do not allow the agency to carry out direct lethal operations.
The Trump Administration’s strategy on Venezuela, developed by Secretary of State Marco Rubio, with help from CIA Director John Ratcliffe, aims to oust Maduro from power.
Ratcliffe has said little about what his agency is doing in Venezuela. But he has promised that the CIA under his leadership would become more aggressive.
During his confirmation hearing, Ratcliffe said he would make the CIA less averse to risk and more willing to conduct covert action when ordered by the President, “going places no one else can go and doing things no one else can do”.
The CIA declined to comment.
Yesterday, Trump said he had made the authorisation because Venezuela had “emptied their prisons into the United States of America”.
The President appeared to be referring to claims by his Administration that members of the Tren de Aragua prison gang had been sent into the US to commit crimes.
In March, Trump proclaimed that the gang, which was founded in a Venezuelan prison, was a terrorist organisation that was “conducting irregular warfare” against the US under the orders of the Maduro Government.
An intelligence community assessment in February contradicted that claim, detailing why spy agencies did not think the gang was under the Maduro Government’s control, though the FBI partly dissented.
A top Trump Administration official pressed for the assessment to be redone. The initial assessment was reaffirmed by the National Intelligence Council. Afterwards, the council’s acting director, Michael Collins, was fired from his post.
The US has offered US$50 million for information leading to Maduro’s arrest and conviction on US drug trafficking charges.
Rubio, who also serves as Trump’s national security adviser, has called Maduro illegitimate, and the Trump Administration describes him as a “narco-terrorist”.
Maduro blocked the Government that was democratically elected last year from taking power.
While the Trump Administration has publicly offered relatively thin legal justifications for its campaign, Trump told Congress that he decided the US was in an armed conflict with drug cartels it views as terrorist organisations.
In the congressional notice late last month, the Trump Administration said the cartels smuggling drugs were “nonstate armed groups” whose actions “constitute an armed attack against the United States”.
White House findings authorising covert action are closely guarded secrets. They are often reauthorised from administration to administration, and their precise language is rarely made public.
They also constitute one of the rawest uses of executive authority.
Select members of Congress are briefed on the authorisations, but lawmakers cannot make them public, and conducting oversight of possible covert actions is difficult.
While US military operations are generally made public, CIA covert actions are typically kept secret.
Some, however, like the CIA operation in which Navy Seals killed Osama bin Laden in 2011, are quickly made public.
The agency has been stepping up its work on counter-narcotics for years.
Gina Haspel, Trump’s second CIA director during his first administration, devoted more resources to drug-hunting in Mexico and Latin America.
Under William Burns, the Biden Administration’s director, the CIA began flying drones over Mexico, hunting for fentanyl labs, operations that Ratcliffe expanded.
The covert finding is in some ways a natural evolution of those anti-drug efforts.
But the CIA’s history of covert action in Latin America and the Caribbean is mixed at best.
In 1954, the agency orchestrated a coup that overthrew President Jacobo Arbenz of Guatemala, ushering in decades of instability.
The CIA-backed Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in 1961 ended in disaster, and the agency repeatedly tried to assassinate Fidel Castro.
That same year, however, the CIA supplied weapons to dissidents who assassinated Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina, the authoritarian leader of the Dominican Republic.
The agency also had its hands: in a 1964 coup in Brazil; the death of Che Guevara and other machinations in Bolivia; a 1973 coup in Chile; and the contra fight against the leftist Sandinista government of Nicaragua in the 1980s.
This article originally appeared in The New York Times.
Written by: Julian E. Barnes and Tyler Pager
Photographs by: Adriana Loureiro Fernandez
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