The Serious Fraud Office, which brought the original case against Hayes and Palombo, said it would not seek a retrial.
Hayes, a former Citigroup and UBS trader, had been found guilty of multiple counts of conspiracy to defraud Libor between 2006 and 2010.
He spent five-and-a-half years in prison before his release in January 2021.
Palombo, a former trader at Barclays Bank, was sentenced to four years in prison for rigging Euribor.
Their cases were taken to the UK’s top court after the Court of Appeal dismissed their appeals last year.
The Supreme Court noted that there was “ample evidence” against Hayes, which could have led a jury to find him guilty “if properly directed”.
However, in both cases, there were “errors and ambiguities” in the way the jury was directed, which led the top court to conclude the trials were unfair.
-Agence France-Presse