Women make up just over a third of Britain's spies and fewer than one in five are among the senior ranks, according to the parliamentary intelligence and security committee (ISC).
It warned that the agencies are not helped by a middle-management "permafrost" of men with a traditional male outlook and all of similar backgrounds. It means they all look at threats and problems in the same way and reward "those who speak the loudest or are aggressive in pursuing their career".
MP Hazel Blears, who led the review, said: "Diversity will result in better intelligence analysis and a better response to the range of threats that we face to our national security."
Sir Iain Lobban, the former director of the GCHQ, told the committee that having two women at board level made discussions "radically different". "I think [women] are more emotionally intelligent and, if you like, I think there is more intuition in the room," he said.
The report recommended agencies "target specific groups of women to recruit. Women or mothers in middle-age or mid-career have valuable life experience and may offer an untapped recruitment pool.
"The agencies should therefore use a broad range of mediums and include those specifically aimed at women and mothers - such as Mumsnet."