Moderna expanding kids vaccine study to better assess safety

Moderna said it plans to expand the size of its Covid-19 vaccine study in younger children to better detect rare side effects, such as a type of heart inflammation recently flagged by US health authorities.

The company said it is in talks with the Food and Drug Administration to enrol more study participants under age 12. It had intended to test the vaccine in about 7000 children, with some as young as 6 months old. The Massachusetts-based company said it hasn't decided how many kids might be added.

The announcement comes as US Covid-19 cases are rising and schools prepare to welcome students back to classrooms. At the same time, regulators continue to review cases of a rare type of heart inflammation called myocarditis that has been reported in a small number of teenagers who got the Moderna or Pfizer shots.

Pfizer said on Monday that if it makes changes to its vaccine testing in children, it will provide an update then. The New York-based company is testing its vaccine in up to 4500 children in the United States and Europe.

A worker readies syringes with the Moderna Covid-19 vaccine. Photo / AP

The FDA said in a statement it could not comment on its discussions with companies, but added "we do generally work with sponsors to ensure the number of participants in clinical trials are of adequate size to detect safety signals".

The news was first reported by the New York Times.

US officials and independent medical experts said last month the benefits of the vaccines far outweigh the risks of the side effect, which has been reported in several hundred people younger than 30. But any vaccine safety issues could slow uptake, particularly among parents wary of taking any health risk with their children.

Currently, Pfizer has the only US vaccine authorised for children 12 years and up, while Moderna is expecting an FDA ruling on its application in the coming days.

While teens receive the same dose as adults, younger children may need smaller doses. That additional complexity adds time to drugmakers' research and application timelines.

Moderna said it expects to have enough data to apply for FDA authorisation in younger kids by late this year or early 2022.

Pfizer has previously said it expects to apply in September for children ages 5 through 11. Results for two younger age groups that began testing a little later should be available by October or November, according to the company.