This picture made available by the World Food Program shows a mother giving supplementary nutrition products to her 6 month old daughter in Ankilimanondro, Atsimo-Andrefana Region. Photo / AP
The drought-stricken island nation of Madagascar is a "wake up call" to what the world can expect in coming years due to climate change, the head of the United Nations' food aid agency said on Tuesday (US time).
David Beasley, executive director of the UN World Food Program, told the Associated Press in an interview that what's happening in the south of the Indian Ocean country is "the beginning of what we can expect" to see as the effects of global warming become more pronounced.
"Madagascar was heartbreaking," Beasley said, referring to his recent visit there. "It's just desperate," with people reduced to selling their household pots and pans to try to buy food, he said.
Some 38 million people worldwide were displaced last year because of climate change, leaving them vulnerable to hunger, according to Beasley. A worst--case scenario could an see that number soar to 216 million people displaced due to climate change by 2050.
That's the year many industrialised nations — but not China, Russia or India — have set as their target achieving carbon neutrality, meaning reducing greenhouse gas emissions to the point where they can be absorbed and effectively add zero to the atmosphere.
When Beasley, a former South Carolina governor, took the World Food Program helm in 2017, the top reason for people being on the brink of starvation was man-made conflict, followed by climate change, he said.
But since then, climate change has been eclipsing conflicts as the bigger driver in displacing people and leaving them not knowing where their next meal will come from. Last year, about 38 million, he said, were displaced "strictly because of climate shocks, climate change.
"I would like to think this is the worst-case scenario — 216 million people by 2050 that will be migrating or displaced because of climate change," he said.
According to updated WFP figures released on Tuesday, close to 30,000 people on Madagascar will be one step away from famine by the end of the year, and some 1.1 million already suffer from severe hunger. The island is struggling with exceptionally warm temperatures, drought and sandstorms.
Crops have wilted, and harvests are scarce. People have taken to eating cactus leaves, which usually are cattle fodder, the UN food agency said.
"Madagascar is not an isolated incident,″ Beasley said. "The world needs to look to Madagascar to see what is coming your way and (to) many other countries around the world."
He pointed out that Madagascar, a country of 27 million people, accounts for only the tiniest fraction of greenhouse gas emissions in global terms.
"What did they do to contribute to climate change?″ he asked rhetorically.
The WFP has been supplying some 700,000 people on the island with food and supplemental nutritional products for pregnant and nursing women and children.
In Ethiopia, by contrast, famine is man-made, caused by conflict.
The WFP estimates that 5.2 million people are in need of emergency food assistance in Tigray, Ethiopia's embattled northern region. United Nations officials have warned in recent weeks that more than 400,000 people could face starvation and death if humanitarian aid isn't delivered quickly, but hardly any aid can get to those who desperately need to eat.
The Tigray forces say they are pressuring Ethiopia's government to lift a months-long blockade on their region of around six million people, where basic services have been cut off and humanitarian food and medical aid denied.
Beasley says the WFP has been "messaging to all sides, including the Ethiopian government, the leadership, that this is a crisis"′ needing immediate access for food aid. But "we're not making headway", he said.
"We're not able to get (food aid) trucks in or get fuel in. We're not even able to get the cash to the people we need to pay," Beasley told the AP.
As a result, Tigray's people "have to be dying at unprecedented numbers, but we can't get the access we need", he said. "It's a disgrace."
He said the WFP should be moving in 30 trucks of day loaded with food, and another 70 full of medicine and other humanitarian assistance. "We're not even getting 10 per cent of that in trucks a day," the agency director said.
For many of Tigray's people, Beasley said, it has come down to "either die or migrate".
Paradoxically, Afghanistan's new Taliban rulers have allowed WFP access to food distribution centres and schools where many teachers are going unpaid, and protected WFP warehouses, while international donors haven't been supplying sufficient funding, Beasley said.
"You run into the issue of donors (who) do not want to be seen in any way as aiding or abetting or supporting the Taliban,″ Beasley said.
In Afghanistan, 22.8 million people — half of the population — face acute food insecurity, or are "marching toward starvation", as Beasley put it.
Conflict and drought combined to create that impoverished nation's food crisis.
The dire situation will grow even more critical starting in January, when the WFP's food stocks for Afghanistan will run low, if more donors don't come through.
"That price tag is US$230 million a month feeding them" at only partial rations, Beasley said, adding: that "there are 8.7 million people in Afghanistan knocking of famine's door".
The UN agency was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize last year.