Australia has said it will fight against plans to downgrade the Great Barrier Reef's World Heritage status due to climate change, while environmentalists have applauded the UN World Heritage Committee's proposal.
The committee said in a draft report on Monday that "there is no possible doubt" that the network of colourful corals off Australia's northeast coast was "facing ascertained danger".
The report recommends that the world's most extensive coral reef ecosystem be added to Unesco's List of World Heritage in Danger, which includes 53 sites, when the World Heritage Committee considers the question in China in July.
The listing could shake Australians' confidence in their government's ability to care for the natural wonder and create a role for Unesco headquarters in devising so-called "corrective measures", which would likely include tougher action to reduce Australia's greenhouse gas emissions.
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Advertise with NZME.Any downgrade of the reef's World Heritage status could reduce tourism revenue that the natural wonder generates for Australia because fewer tourists would be attracted to a degraded environment and dead coral.
Reef cruise operators said the report was wrong and that tourists continued to be awed by dazzling coral and multicoloured fish. But some tourists said the reef had seemed more colourful during visits decades ago.
Australia's Environment Minister Sussan Ley said she and Foreign Minister Marise Payne had called Unesco Director-General Audrey Azoulay to express the Australian government's "strong disappointment" and "bewilderment" at the proposal.
Australia, which is one of 21 countries on the committee, will oppose the listing, Ley said.
"This decision was flawed. Clearly there were politics behind it", Ley told reporters. "Clearly those politics have subverted a proper process and for the World Heritage Committee to not even foreshadow this listing is, I think, appalling."
The network of 2,500 reefs covering 348,000sq km has been World Heritage-listed since 1981.
But its health is under increasing threat from climate change and rising ocean temperatures.
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The report found the site had suffered significantly from coral bleaching events caused by unusually warm ocean temperatures in 2016, 2017 and last year.
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Advertise with NZME.Australian Marine Conservation Society environmental consultant Imogen Zethoven welcomed the committee's recognition that "Australia hasn't done enough on climate change to protect the future of the reef".
The reef would become the first site to be added to the List of World Heritage in Danger primarily for climate change reasons, Zethoven said.
"It would be a very significant step for the World Heritage Committee to make this decision and one that we really hope that it does make because it will open up a lot of potential change", she said.
Richard Leck, a spokesman for the environmental group WWF, said listing the reef as in-danger would be "a real shock" to many Australians.
In 2014, Australia was warned that an "in danger" listing was being considered rather than being proposed for immediate action.
Australia had time to respond by developing a long-term plan to improve the reef's health called the Reef 2050 Plan.
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Advertise with NZME.The committee said this week that plan "requires stronger and clearer commitments, in particular towards urgently countering the effects of climate change".
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Ley said climate change policy debate should be restricted to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change.
"I know ... that climate change is the biggest threat to the reef and in no way am I stepping away from that recognition and countries including European countries have got strong views about what policies different countries should have on climate change and I understand that as well, but this is not the convention in which to have those conversations," Ley said, referring to the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.
Observers say the swearing in on Tuesday of Australia's new Deputy Prime Minister Barnaby Joyce, who opposes action on climate change that increases prices, signals Australia is likely to set less ambitious targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Terry Hughes, director of the Australian Research Council's Centre for Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, said Australia's refusal to commit to a net zero carbon emissions target by 2050 made the country a "complete outlier".
"This draft decision from Unesco is pointing the finger at Australia and saying: 'If you're serious about saving the Great Barrier Reef, you need to do something about your climate policies,'" Hughes told Australian Broadcasting Corp.
