"We received strong interest from around the globe for this role, which is understandable given the status of our mens' sprint programme in particular," CNZ high performance director Martin Barras said.
"Rene has a successful background in coaching at the highest level of the sport and a thorough understanding of all aspects of sprint coaching.
"Rene's success in the Netherlands, in particular, included a strong emphasis on team culture which he believes is a core component of any success."
Wolff will take up his role this month with his first assignment being the UCI World Cup competitions in France and Canada in October.
The long-awaited review into CNZ's culture is still to be made public, having been delayed at least once from a projected release.
The sport has taken a public relations hit in the wake of Peden's departure and a cone of silence has descended over the organisation.
Cycling is one of four tier 1 sports who receive heavy public funding through High Performance Sport New Zealand.
Cycling was given $4.4 million this year, an increase of $200,000 on last year.
It is the country's second best funded sport, behind only rowing, which has just ended a poor world championship campaign, with just three podium finishes and no gold, its poorest return since 2003.
Rowing receives $5.1 million this year. It, too, has been doing a review into the sport, and that in part led to the resignation of longtime high performance boss Alan Cotter.