A global report has found that children's reading abilities are tied more closely to their socio-economic backgrounds in New Zealand than in any other country.
The OECD 2011 Education at a Glance report, based on results from the Programme for International Student Assessment(PISA),implies that our schools are the worst in the world at helping students overcome the disadvantages of being born into poor families.
But Auckland, where inequality is most stark, also has some inspirational examples of schools making a difference.
Auckland has become a city of extremes, containing more than half of the country's total students in both the richest (decile 10) and the poorest (decile 1) schools, with relatively few in between.
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Advertise with NZME.Across the city, 94 per cent of children entering primary school last year had attended a preschool. But at decile 1 Red Hill School, 3-year-old Cane Bradley's nearest school, only 43 per cent of present pupils attended a preschool - although the trend is towards more preschooling for newer entrants.
Red Hill principal Kathy Irvine says poverty struck her most last winter when many pupils came to school in thin shirts and shorts without shoes or sweaters.
Others come in dirty uniforms because their parents are on pre-paid electricity cards and can't afford to top them up to do the washing.
"What I have noticed over the last few years is that there is more and more of that happening. The students are quite literally coming to school with less and less support."
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Advertise with NZME.Nationally, the gap between the top and bottom quarters of students on the PISA index of socio-economic status is still slightly less than the PISA average, although wider than in Australia.
The index measures home educational resources, cultural possessions and the parents' educational levels as well as their occupations and wealth.
But the gap in children's reading levels between the top and bottom quarters is slightly wider than average, so the effect of socio-economic status is more amplified in New Zealand than in any of 38 other countries.
Professor Stuart McNaughton, the acting head of Auckland University's Starpath project aiming to cut socio-economic gaps in education, says some Auckland schools are doing better.
Wymondley Rd School, a decile 1 primary in Otara, has lifted its pupils' literacy levels to the national average by monitoring pupils' achievement and changing its approach when required.
"Their data told them two or three years ago that boys, particularly Tongan boys in years 5 and 6, had low reading comprehension. So they deliberately restructured the year 5 and 6 programme to capture the Tongan boys' interest and engagement," Professor McNaughton says.
Massey High School in West Auckland lifted students' pass rates in national exams by regular one-on-one student meetings with deans to discuss their goals and progress, setting targets for all students and groups, and holding in-depth meetings for parents and children with their form teachers.
A Starpath report says the change in parent-teacher meetings raised parents' attendance from 13 per cent or less in previous years to 76 per cent, and transformed some teachers' views.
One teacher said: "I had one girl that said to me, 'Mum doesn't care about stuff like that.' And when I spoke to the Mum, I realised the Mum just completely cared. So it made me aware of misconceptions I had about the parents."
Professor McNaughton says the Auckland Council could help projects such as the Manaiakalani Trust, which is helping parents at seven Tamaki schools to buy laptops which the children use for homework and to communicate with their teachers.
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Advertise with NZME.Wymondley Rd School also encouraged its children to read books over the summer by parking the mobile library outside the gate. "I would increase the libraries' capacity for outreach to communities, particularly the low-decile areas."
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