The Government said the new institute would have a strong, business-focused culture and a nationwide remit.
It would be located close to the country's high-tech businesses, with facilities in Auckland and Christchurch.
The new institute would also retain IRL's existing Gracefield facility in Lower Hutt.
"Establishing the advanced technology institute doesn't add to any of the funding tracks in the Pre-Election Update," said Key. "We won't have to take on extra debt to fund this, and our surplus and deficit forecasts remain the same."
The government said estimates indicated that the establishment of the institute would cost $120 to $150 million over five years, in addition to IRL's current funding.
"This is an average of $24 to $30 million a year of additional funding, which the Government will pay for out of the new operating allowance in next year's Budget," said Key. "We will earmark up to $80 million from the Future Investment Fund [to be made up of the proceeds of planned state-owned asset sell downs] for capital spending in areas like new buildings and equipment."
BusinessNZ chief executive Phil O'Reilly said the policy was the best single action that could be taken to grow the high tech manufacturing and services sectors.
"The planned advanced technology institute will operate in the border between business and science, providing a welcome focus on the development side of research and development," he said. "Exploiting untapped opportunities in the high tech manufacturing and services areas including ICT will be a major step forward for New Zealand's economy."
The Powering Innovation report is based on the findings of an independent panel - comprised of Phil O'Reilly, AUT University's Professor John Raine and Professor Mina Teicher, an Israeli academic - who looked at the high value manufacturing and services sector earlier this year in order to find ways research organisations could better support firms.