In Europe, the Stoxx 600 Index ended the session with a 1.3 per cent drop from the previous close. The UK's FTSE 100 Index fell 0.6 per cent, France's CAC 40 retreated 1.5 per cent, while Germany's DAX shed 1.9 per cent.
In late afternoon trading in New York, the Dow Jones Industrial Average slumped 1.62 per cent, the Standard & Poor's 500 index sank 1.87 per cent, while the Nasdaq Composite Index dropped 2.04 per cent. At one point, the Dow had shed almost 300 points.
Slides in shares of Exxon Mobil and Nike, down 2.9 per cent and 2.7 per cent respectively, led the decline in the Dow.
Shares of Exxon slid after the company posted a drop in oil and natural gas production.
Shares of Whole Foods Market dropped 2.8 per cent after the company cut its sales outlook, while shares of Kraft Foods tumbled 6.2 per cent after the company posted a drop in quarterly profit.
Meanwhile, initial claims for unemployment benefits increased by 23,000 to a seasonally adjusted 302,000 in the week ended July 26, from a revised 279,000 the prior week, according to the Labor Department. The data were better than anticipated.
"Employment growth remains healthy," David Sloan, a senior economist at 4Cast in New York, told Bloomberg News. The reading is "consistent with a strong labour market."
A government report on Friday is expected to show that US employers hired 231,000 workers in July, after an increase of 288,000 in June.
And in the background was this week's message from the US central bank that the world's largest economy continues to recover, which is being interpreted by at least some investors as a signal rate hikes could come sooner than expected.