An armed man stands in a window of the parliament building in Tehran, Iran. Photo / AP
An armed man stands in a window of the parliament building in Tehran, Iran. Photo / AP
by Amanda Erickson
Isis terrorists attacked two major sites in Iran, killing at least 12 people and wounding scores more.
One of the assaults targeted the country'sPparliament. The other took aim at one of the most sacred sites in Iran: the holy shrine of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, and one ofthe "grandest architectural endeavours of the Islamic Republic".
The expansive complex is "a spiritual and political testament to the 1979 Islamic revolution".
And an assault on the shrine - akin to a bombing at America's Tomb of the Unknowns - is an attack on the country's political identity, and on one of Iran's most important monuments to Shia Islam.
As Marc Martinez, a senior analyst and Iran expert at the Delma Institute in the United Arab Emirates, explained, the attack is an assault on the Islamic revolution itself. As a result, he said, the choice of target may bolster the country's strong sense of nationalism.
The shrine's importance stems, in large part, from Khomeini himself. In the 1960s, Khomeini was one of the staunchest opponents of the shah and the West. He was arrested and exiled to Turkey, but returned after the shah's government collapsed in January 1979.
Khomeini was elected leader for life in a landslide vote, and delivered his first public speech at the site of the shrine, which had become closely associated with opponents of the shah's regime. Many of the people killed during the anti-shah protests of 1978 are buried there.
It was Khomeini who declared Iran an Islamic republic, introducing Islamic law across the country and denouncing America.
When Khomeini died on June 4, 1989, construction of the shrine began in earnest. At his chaotic funeral, 10 million mourners repeatedly stopped the hearse from moving towards the cemetery. Eventually, the crowd took hold of the coffin and began passing it over their heads. When the body fell out, the masses descended, trying to tear pieces of the shroud to keep as holy relics.
The shrine is huge. The property includes a gigantic courtyard and several buildings, along with a cemetery. More than 12,000 carpets cover the floors. Khomeini's tomb is covered with a stainless steel zarih, through which pilgrims can pay their respects. Someday, thousands of mirrors will adorn the ceiling.
Nearly every architectural feature is freighted with symbolism. Two towers, each nearly 90m high, flank the shrine. The massive central dome is golden and adorned with 72 tulips, to symbolise the 72 martyrs who fought at Karbala in 680 AD, a pivotal moment in the formation of Shiism.
The facility also houses many of the soldiers killed during the Iran-Iraq war. The Ayatollah's wife is buried in the complex as well, along with several notable political figures. In 2017, former Iranian President Akbar Rafsanjani was interred here.
Today, visitors flock to the mausoleum, particularly during Ramadan. On June 4, hundreds of thousands of mourners visit to mark the anniversary of Khomeini's death. In the month after Ramadan - Muharram - the fountains surrounding the shrine are dyed red.
A man hands a child to a security guard from Iran's parliament building. Photo / AP
