Israel has dealt a series of body blows to Hamas and its institutions over the past two years, decimating the Palestinian Islamist movement that seized total control of Gaza in 2007.
In response to Hamas’ unprecedented attack on Israel on October 7, 2023, the Israeli Army launched an offensive against the group, which according to the health ministry in the Gaza Strip has killed at least 64,605 people.
Residents in Gaza said they try to avoid being close to people linked to Hamas or its fighters for fear of the Israeli military targeting them with strikes that often kill or injure those around them.
According to witnesses, the Army has repeatedly targeted people sent by Hamas to deliver salaries.
‘Escaped death’
Alaa, a teacher at a public school in Gaza City, last received a salary in June.
The mother-of-five received a text message asking her to go to a school sheltering displaced people in northern Gaza.
When she arrived, “the school had just been bombed and the employee in charge of distributing salaries had fled. Thank God I was late, I escaped death.”
She had to return to the area the next day to receive her salary, she said.
The Israeli Army regularly carries out strikes on schools, where displaced people shelter, accusing fighters from Hamas and other militant groups of using them as bases and command posts.
Before the war, Hamas’ Government employed an estimated 40,000 people, drawing revenue from customs duties and taxes to run public services.
From 2021 until the start of the war in Gaza in 2023, Qatar pledged US$360 million in annual funding to the Palestinian territory, at Israel’s request, which included salaries of civil servants such as doctors and teachers. Doha has denied providing financial aid to Hamas.
Hamas officials had claimed before the war that they received financial support from Iran, though the Islamic republic has never confirmed providing funds.
Hamas obtained cash mainly through smuggling via tunnels dug near the border or by sea to get around Israel’s blockade, according to an official familiar with the matter in Gaza who spoke to AFP on condition of anonymity.
In February 2024, the Israeli Army released videos of safes and bags containing large sums of money (in shekels, US dollars and Jordanian dinars) that it said it had discovered in tunnels under Gaza, with documents it claimed proved cash transfers from Iran to Hamas.
Jamil, 43, an accountant at a government institution, told AFP Hamas “stored hundreds of millions of dollars in tunnels or safe places for difficult times such as war”, without providing further details.
‘Not enough to eat’
The Israeli military has hit Hamas’ infrastructure and targeted financial leaders like Ismail Barhoum, who was killed in March in an Israeli strike.
Israel has “bombed Hamas-owned banks, places where money was stored, and assassinated financial system officials, but that didn’t stop the process”, Jamil said.
Senior officials receive their salaries in secret where they live, in displacement camps or the schools-turned-shelters, “so as not to be exposed to strikes”, according to a Hamas source who spoke to AFP on condition of anonymity.
Jamil said the salary payment process is “very complex”, changing according to the security situation.
Hamas “is keen to pay part of the salaries as soon as the funds are available”, he added.
But officials interviewed by AFP complain their wages are not enough to meet basic needs in a territory where the United Nations declared famine last month.
Others complained that only civil servants who are members of Hamas get paid.
Massoud, an officer in the Hamas police force, said he recently received a message on his wife’s phone inviting him to “have tea”.
His wife was pleasantly surprised, grateful that his salary had arrived.
But the money “is not enough to eat, and we are hungry”, he told AFP.
“We’re with the resistance,” he said of Hamas, but added the group should have been “prepared for such hellish times”.
Abdallah, 38, a teacher, last received his salary (950 shekels) in July, stretching it, like most Gazans who still manage an income, to feed 20 extended family members after his three brothers were killed near aid distribution sites.
“I said goodbye to my wife and children without telling them I was going to get my salary.”
This way of being paid is “painful, it’s like you’re working for the Mafia,” he said.
- Agence France-Presse
