They will also argue that it is different from traditional pay-per-mile schemes, with a fee taken each year on estimated travel and no mass electronic monitoring of movements.
But the approach opens the door for the wholesale adoption of pay-per-mile taxation for all cars, raising questions about how the scheme would be enforced.
Sir Mel Stride, the Conservative shadow chancellor, said: “If you own it, Labour will tax it. It would be wrong for Rachel Reeves to target commuters and car owners in this way just to help fill a black hole she has created in the public finances.
“With Labour’s cost-of-living crisis, now is not the time to hit hard-working families and businesses with another tax raid.”
How the tax will work
For years, ministers and industry experts have discussed a pay-per-mile road taxation system that could be applied to all forms of cars.
While the specifics are still discussed, the Telegraph can reveal that the scheme would be aligned to the annual payment of vehicle excise duty (VED), which affects all United Kingdom motorists. EV drivers have had to pay the charge since April.
The new element is being described as “VED+” and being framed as a way to get drivers of green cars to pay more each year.
EV drivers will be asked to estimate the number of miles (kilometres) they will drive in the year ahead and pay a fee, set in the current plan at 3p per mile.
If the owner does not drive that amount, some of the money carries over into the next year. If they drive more miles than estimated, they would top up their payment.
The 3p-per-mile charge means drivers face paying an extra £3 for a one-way journey between Cambridge and Oxford or £12 from London to Edinburgh.
Drivers of hybrid cars, which are powered by both petrol and electricity, will also have to pay the charge, but at a lower rate.
The move will raise the Treasury an estimated £1.8 billion by 2031, helping the Chancellor to put the public finances on a more stable footing.
A Treasury spokesman declined to comment on Budget speculation.
The move comes after Reeves warned that “all will have to contribute” to help repair Britain’s finances, suggesting a tax-heavy Budget in three weeks.
Previous governments have encouraged the transition from petrol and diesel cars to electric models to help bring down carbon emissions.
The growing trend has created a tax revenue problem for the Chancellor, given that fuel duty – which fully electric cars avoid because they use no petrol – is a major money-raiser.
Treasury estimates suggest that by 2040, about £12b will be lost in tax revenue because less petrol is being used.
Questions over enforcement
Ministers are preparing to argue that fuel duty already amounts to a pay-per-mile scheme in effect and note that petrol, on average, works out at 6p per mile.
The per-mile cost could rise in the future. Fuel duty was set at one penny, in old money, per gallon when introduced in 1908, but now stands at 52.95p per litre.
The move will also trigger questions about enforcement and whether it will be more intrusive than fuel duty, which is simply gathered via payments at the pump.
It raises the possibility that drivers could in future be made to prove how many miles they have travelled, such as with photographs of mileage counters, though this is not part of the current plan.
The Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency will be tasked with overseeing the new tax. It already collects VED via cameras that scan number plates and with employees on patrol, with car details checked against a central database showing who has paid the fee.
A wider package of measures to support the EV sector is also being worked on, with the Government still wanting to incentivise people to adopt electric cars.
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