Customers sit at a cafe in Stockholm, Sweden. Photo / Getty Images
Customers sit at a cafe in Stockholm, Sweden. Photo / Getty Images
It's the country that was heavily criticised for deciding to do things differently when it came to coronavirus – to ignore lockdown and keep bars and schools open.
And it paid a price with at least 5700 deaths, putting it in the top 10 of nations in terms of coronavirusdeaths per million.
But, as time goes on, Sweden's controversial approach to tackling Covid-19 is winning over some sceptics.
The Swedish economy has shrunk less than other nations and cases have fallen dramatically, deaths have essentially dried up and no significant second wave has occurred. In fact, right now, Sweden looks better than Australia.
Groups of people sit in a park at Tantolunden in Stockholm, Sweden, in May. Photo / Bloomberg
However, some virus watchers have warned that Sweden's success could be a mirage, that a Scandinavian trait could be behind the low current numbers and the real test could come in as little as one month's time.
Professor Peter Collignon, an infectious diseases expert at the Australian National University, told news.com.au he doubts Sweden's approach – or that of New Zealand – is perfect. Rather, New South Wales could end up being the exemplar as to how to get a grip on the bucking bronco of Covid-19.
"In my view, neither the New Zealand nor the Swedish approach is the way to go," he said.
"The trouble with Sweden is it's had a lot of deaths; the trouble with New Zealand is elimination is difficult to achieve.
"What's happening in NSW with contact tracing and stopping the spread is more like what we will have to do for the next few years."
What is the Swedish Approach?
When the world was locking down, Sweden, conspicuously, did not.
Sweden's chief epidemiologist Anders Tegnell created and drove a unique national Covid-19 strategy.
Pubs, most schools and other workplaces remained open. When people in Sydney were banned from supping a beer in a bar, residents of Stockholm were enjoying sundowners with their mates.
That's not to say there were no restrictions on the nation's 10 million citizens. People were barred from going to aged-care homes, joining large gatherings and Swedes were encouraged to social distance – which it seems they did almost as much as everyone else.
"As a society, we are more into nudging: continuously reminding people to use measures, improving measures where we see day by day the that they need to be adjusted," Tegnell told the journal Nature in May.
Swedish cases and deaths down
Initially, the plan seemed to backfire. At one point Sweden had more deaths per population than any other country.
So far, Sweden has suffered around 5800 deaths – far smaller than the US' 167,000 deaths or the UK's almost 50,000 fatalities, according to Johns Hopkins University's coronavirus resource centre
But compared to its Scandinavian neighbours, Sweden's experience is grim. It has recorded 10 times the deaths of Denmark and 20 times that of Norway, both of which locked down harder.
Yet, since a peak of 115 deaths a day in early April, Sweden's numbers have tracked consistently downwards.
A senior couple eat dinner keeping distance from the rest of their family in Ostersund, Sweden. Photo / Getty Images
It now has a seven-day average of 226 cases, lower than Victoria. Deaths are about one per day. There has been no detectable second wave, unlike in many other countries including in Scandinavia.
The BBC reported that while Sweden's economy shrank a dire 8.6 per cent between April and June, that's lower than the European Union average of 11.9 per cent. However, its economy is only a touch better off then Denmark.
Tegnell has consistently said Sweden's pre-vaccine approach to dealing with Covid-19 is more sustainable and preferable to rolling lockdowns and re-openings which he has labelled "disastrous in many ways".
Sweden's consistency in its restrictions has led it to be in the now bizarre position of having more in place than many other countries which dropped lockdowns as soon as cases started falling.
Strategy 'could be right'
Last month, Swedish Prime Minister Stefan Lofven threw his weight behind Tegnell's strategy.
"We can see [coronavirus] is clearly going down. The number of seriously ill people in need of intensive care is declining, the number of fatalities is declining," he told newspaper Aftonbladet.
"But of course, over 5000 people have died. I wish it had never happened."
Lofven said the strategy was about protecting health but also mitigating consequence for employees and companies.
"That strategy is right; I am completely convinced of that."
Misha Gajewski, a contributor to Forbes magazine, said Lofven's faith in Sweden's plan "could be right".
But, she warned, it was still too early to tell pointing to a recent report by the Royal Society of Medicine.
"The authors note it likely won't be until as many as two years after the pandemic that we will be objectively able to say which method was the most effective."
The potential by-product of Sweden's lack of lockdown – herd immunity – is also taking longer to achieve.
Anders Tegnell, state epidemiologist at The Public Health Agency of Sweden, speaks during a news conference in March. Photo / Getty Images
It had been thought that by now as many as 60 per cent of Stockholm's residents might have virus antibodies. In all likelihood, perhaps only one in five residents actually do. And even that may not lead to total resistance.
Worrying reason numbers may be so low
One of the main factors in the current Swedish success however could be simply because it's August.
That's the month when much of the country comes to a halt. It's a time when Swedes desert the cities and head to their secluded summer homes to spend the day diving in lakes, sweating in saunas and drinking copious amounts of schnapps.
That's a worry because the second wave could be an unwanted welcome back to work gift.
It could be some way into September before Sweden knows if lower numbers of new cases and deaths is a long-term trend. Prof Collignon said the nervous wait could be even longer.
"A big factor in how this transmits is how much you are indoors. In northern Europe, it's likely this was being spread in crowded indoor spaces and no one knew it," Collignon said.
"The big test will be the next winter in northern Europe when it may tick up."
Tegnell is positive on Sweden's strategy, but cautious.
"It will be very difficult to achieve any kind of really clear-cut answer as to what was right and what was wrong," he told UK newspaper The Observer.
"I think we're talking years into the future before we can get any kind of consensus on how to deal with this in the best possible way."
The definitive answer as to whether Sweden's radical strategy was right may not be known for some time yet.
