Born in 1911, Marchand began cycling at 14 years of age. He later lived lived in Canada and Venezuela and worked as a fireman, market gardener, show salesman and wine dealer, and competed as an amateur boxer.
He started cycling again in 1978 at 67 years of age, building up the distances and training with much younger riders.
At the age of 89 he retired from work and trained to ride in the famous Bordeaux-Paris ultra-distance event, covering the 600 kilometres in 36 hours.
AFP quotes his friend and neighbour Christian Bouchard saying that he will no longer be pushing himself to set records.
"His doctors no longer want him to make great efforts," he said on Tuesday.
Now Marchand will just cycle for pleasure.