Woakes and Sam Curran - the player preferred to Woakes for the first test at Edgbaston - both impressed as England won with a day to spare despite the opening day being completely washed out.
Having shared a match-turning partnership of 189 with Jonny Bairstow (93) on Sunday, Woakes added 17 to his overnight score before England declared with a lead of 289 when Curran was out for 40.
James Anderson then took over with the ball. After five for 20 in India's first innings, Anderson got four for 23 in the second.
He became the first player to take 100 test wickets at Lord's by removing Murali Vijay for a duck for the second time in the match.
As well as reaching the Lord's milestone, the dismissal - Anderson's 96th against India - made him the highest wicket-taker in test matches between the two nations. Stuart Broad chipped in with four wickets for seven in the space of seven overs.
India's captain Virat Kohli appeared restricted in movement, battling a back strain. But he downplayed fears over his condition, saying he was confident he'd be ready to play when the series resumes at Trent Bridge in Nottingham on Saturday night (NZT).
Hardik Pandya (26) and Ravichandran Ashwin (33 not out) showed defiance to put on India's highest partnership of the match - 55 runs for the seventh wicket - but Woakes again showed his value. He trapped Pandya leg before and England quickly surged to victory.
Woakes took two wickets in each innings and finished with match figures of four for 43.
"Even when the ball is doing a bit, you have to pitch it in the right areas and the guys were relentless with the ball," Kohli said. "They made us work hard for runs and put a lot of pressure on us."
- AP
