Dr Mills said it could occur at any age, but was most common in children under five.
Symptoms in babies and young children can include fever, irritability, sleepiness, floppiness, difficulty waking up, refusal to eat or drink, vomiting and skin rash.
Adults can have similar symptoms and may also have a stiff neck, headache and sensitivity to lights.
"It's a bacteria that lives in the throat and nose, and many of us carry it without knowing we have got it," Dr Mills said.
"Meningococcal meningitis can be treated with antibiotics, so anyone with some of these symptoms should seek medical attention without delay, as early treatment is very important."
A recent European study suggested as many as five per cent of children and more than 20 per cent of teenagers carry the bacteria which can cause the disease.
- NZPA