A Christchurch Fire Communications spokesman said the first calls from the public started at 2.53pm today, with people reporting windows rattling and the air "shaking".
Observatory spokesman Andrew Buckingham said: "We're still finding out what's going on".
"It sounds like a large meteor coming down... soccer ball size upwards," Mr Buckingham said.
It was more likely to be one large rock entering the earth's atmosphere as a fireball, rather than a meteor shower.
The boom was either the meteor breaking the sound barrier or exploding as it burned up.