If you recovered from Covid-19 in the past few months, an increase in hair loss may not be a coincidence. Photo / 123RF
Increased shedding after illness is not unusual. The good news is that it's most likely temporary.
The first time you noticed that your hair was falling out, it may have been because your strands were gathering in the shower drain or your hair brush. Maybe you glanced in the mirror and felt a jolt when your hairstyle didn't look quite right, or perhaps you pulled your hair into a ponytail and felt a loss of volume.
If you recovered from Covid-19 in the past few months, such an increase in shedding may not be a coincidence. Some research estimates that 22 per cent of those who were hospitalised with Covid-19 experienced temporary hair loss. It is harder to evaluate how common the condition is in people who had milder forms of the disease, but studies suggest hair loss is also among the more than 60 persistent symptoms often associated with long Covid-19 — some of which are more well-known, such as the loss of smell, cognitive impairment and sexual dysfunction.
Doctors say they too have noticed a surge in patients seeking help for the phenomenon. "I have never seen anything like it in my life," said Dr Michele Green, a New York City-based dermatologist affiliated with Northwell Health's Lenox Hill Hospital who specialises in hair loss. "I'm seeing more male and female patients, from every age group, every working profession. It's really been across the board."
Sudden and temporary hair loss has a medical name: telogen effluvium. It occurs when stress or illness triggers much more shedding than the typical 50 to 100 hairs a person loses per day. It is not specific to Covid-19: Experts have known for centuries that severe illness, surgery, blood loss, hospitalisation, childbirth and extreme emotional events, like the loss of a loved one, can trigger telogen effluvium. But researchers have found that people with a history of Covid-19 infection are four times as likely to develop hair loss than those who were not infected.
Exactly how these physical and emotional stressors prompt telogen effluvium isn't quite clear. Many dermatologists believe the stress hormone cortisol may play a role, although there may also be other chemicals that tell hair follicles it's time to shed, said Dr. Luis Garza, a professor of dermatology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Covid-19 has been a double whammy for many people, with the mental stress of living through a pandemic accompanying the physical stress of the illness itself.
In normal times, each of your hairs flips through three phases — a growing phase, called the anagen phase, a transition, or catagen, phase, and a resting phase, also known as the telogen phase — after which the strand falls out and the follicle repeats the whole process. Strands pass through different phases of the cycle at different times; only 5 per cent to 10 per cent of your hair should be in the telogen phase at any given moment. (Hair on other parts of the body enters telogen in different proportions.)
"Telogen effluvium short-circuits the cycle for many hairs," Garza said. As a result, 30 per cent to 50 per cent of the hair on your head ends up in the shedding phase and you're likely to notice clumps falling out two to three months after an offending event.
The hair loss may last six to nine months, which can feel like an eternity. Then the shedding slows down and new hair starts to grow again.
If you start to notice sudden hair loss or are concerned about the amount of volume you're losing, it may be a good idea to see a doctor early on. "Usually you'll know if you're losing hair long before anyone can actually clinically see it," Green said. By intervening early, particularly if your hair loss is linked to an underlying condition, you can treat it effectively.
A doctor will take your medical history, order some blood work and most likely perform a hair-pull test, in which they grasp small sections of hair from different parts of your scalp and tug very gently. If six or more strands fall out without resistance, it is a positive indicator of active loss. In some cases, your doctor may also order a biopsy to examine your hair follicles.
If your hair-pull test is positive and your scalp does not show signs of redness or scarring, which are indicators of other types of hair loss, you most likely have telogen effluvium. Most health care professionals advise waiting for hair to grow back on its own, because the phenomenon is known to be temporary. "A lot of what I do is counsel people when it occurs and play the role of a cheerleader for them, reassuring them that this will get better," said Dr Arash Mostaghimi, director of dermatology inpatient service at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.
Some dermatologists may recommend jump-starting the regrowth process by applying a topical solution of minoxidil, a hair-growth drug and the active ingredient in Rogaine, or taking it in pill form if you are anxious about the hair loss or have a big event like a wedding that's making the situation feel urgent. But minoxidil can be a double-edged sword, Mostaghimi said. The drug sometimes causes shedding when you start taking it, as part of the process of switching your hair cycles back to normal. When you feel like you've achieved the fullness you want and stop taking minoxidil, you may lose some strands again before things stabilise, he added.
According to Garza, simply managing your stress may be another solution to telogen effluvium. "One thing I tell patients who come in for hair loss is that they might benefit from seeing a therapist, because we know that stress causes hair loss and hair loss also adds to stress," he said. "Hair is a huge component of our identity."
Most dermatologists agree that turning to hair loss supplements and shampoos, while tempting, is not likely to solve your problems. "People like to feel that they are much more in control of their skin, hair and nails through the things that they consume than they really are," Mostaghimi said. Supplements, for example, are not rigorously tested or well-regulated. And most people already get plenty of the vitamins and minerals they need for good hair growth by eating a varied diet, Mostaghimi said. "I discourage people from being too aggressive in trying these because you may end up spending a lot of money on these items when the benefits are marginal if any."
Most people will have some short regrowth even before their hair loss completely subsides. Treatment can help you grow hair back within four to six months, Green said. But if you decide to wait things out, your hair will grow back naturally. It may take 12 months or more, especially if you wear a shoulder-length or longer style, because hair grows extremely slowly — usually less than half an inch per month.
Some people may never feel like their hair has returned to its previous volume: Doctors said they have noticed that telogen effluvium can occasionally set off other types of more permanent hair loss, such as female- or male-pattern baldness, although they don't know why. In other cases, telogen effluvium may be a sign of an ongoing health issue, like a thyroid problem or autoimmune disorder, Green said.
It's best to handle your hair with care while you wait for it to grow back. Avoid using heat styling tools or hairstyles that cause a lot of tension, like a tight ponytail that may further weaken the hair follicles. And try to be optimistic about the process. "The majority of my patients who came to me in the beginning of the pandemic are already doing better," Mostaghimi said. "Their hair has recovered and they are able to express themselves with their hair the way that they want."
This article originally appeared in The New York Times.
Written by: Knvul Sheikh
© 2022 THE NEW YORK TIMES
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