"It's being led by the long end of the curve, which is a function of lower energy prices and the implications for the inflation outlook there," Ian Lyngen, a government-bond strategist at CRT Capital Group in Stamford, Connecticut, told Bloomberg. "It's a classic flight to quality that's benefited the long end of the curve and, in doing so, hasn't really changed anyone's macro outlook or expectations for the pace of policy."
Investors will scrutinise a speech by US Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen on Thursday. US policy makers kept their target rate steady last week, fuelling concern that the economic outlook, both at home and abroad, is not as solid as previously thought.
"The potential that the Fed may delay rate hikes until next year will provide even more angst for the markets ... the longer the delay, the greater the potential for an accelerating rate hike schedule," Tom Stringfellow, chief investment officer at Frost Investment Advisors, told Reuters.
In Europe, the Stoxx 600 Index ended the day with a 3.1 percent tumble from the previous close. The UK's FTSE 100 Index dropped 2.8 percent, France's CAC 40 Index retreated 3.4 percent, while Germany's DAX Index sank 3.8 percent.
Shares of Glencore plunged 11 percent in London, as stocks of mining companies around the world weakened along with the view on the outlook for commodity prices.
Shares of Volkswagen plummeted 20 percent, following Monday's 19 percent tumble, after the company said about 11 million of its diesel-powered cars have "the relevant engine management software" that effectively allows them to cheat on emissions tests.
"Discrepancies relate to vehicles with Type EA 189 engines, involving some eleven million vehicles worldwide," the company said in a statement. "A noticeable deviation between bench test results and actual road use was established solely for this type of engine. Volkswagen is working intensely to eliminate these deviations through technical measures."
Volkswagen is facing billions of dollars of fines. The company also said it plans to set aside a provision of about 6.5 billion euros in the third quarter of the current fiscal year.