The lawsuit says Mr Elizarraras was made to clean the bathroom for 20 minutes before being allowed to leave.
It caused him to be "humiliated, disgraced and injured in his feelings, emotionally and mentally," the lawsuit claims.
Documents allege the incident "resulted in the death of Fernando".
The lawsuit does not detail how Mr Elizarraras died, or how long after the alleged incident took place.
Mrs Elizarraras is suing the company for damages that exceed $15,000, according to court documents.
Florida legal expert Belvin Perry told WFTV that he had never seen a lawsuit like the one filed by Mrs Elizarraras.
He said it may be a stretch to prove the alleged false imprisonment led to the death of Mr Elizarraras.
"We need to know how cleaning a bathroom led to a death," Perry said. "It's just an allegation with no specificity," he told the programme.
"The longer the gap between the incident and the death, the more difficult it is to connect the two."
Walgreens could not comment because of ongoing litigation, according to WFTV.