Elephants roam in the Hwange Game Reserve in Zimbabwe. Photo / AP
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Parks authorities in Zimbabwe say that the recent deaths of elephants have been caused by a bacterial disease that has previously affected elephants in Asia and other animals in southern Africa, although more tests will still be carried out.
Fulton Mangwanya, the director-general of the Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, told a parliamentary committee that 34 elephants have died so far and "many" more could still die "in the short term".
"All results to date point to the cause of these elephant deaths being a disease known as hemorrhagic septicemia," said Mangwanya, noting that the disease does not appear to have been previously recorded as causing deaths among Africa's savannah elephants.
"However, it has been reported to kill Asian elephants in India. It has also affected cattle, pigs, and chickens in southern Africa in which it can cause massive mortality. It has also been recognised in buffalo and some other wildlife species in this part of this world," he said.
He said the disease "may have been around in elephants in this region for some time", pointing to specimens from two dead elephants from the vast Hwange National Park in 2019 that showed "the same microscopic pathology," although a definitive diagnosis could not be made at that time.
Most of the elephants that died recently in the Pandamasue Forest, located between Hwange National Park and Victoria Falls, were weak or young, mostly under 15 years old.
The dead elephants were found with their tusks still on their bodies, ruling out poaching. In recent years poachers in Zimbabwe have poisoned dozens of elephants with cyanide and then have taken their ivory tusks to sell them to illegal traders.
The parks authorities also said toxic water was an unlikely cause because the country has been pumping "clean water" from wells during this dry season.
To eliminate other causes, blood samples have been sent to the United Kingdom, while other samples will be sent to the United States and neighbouring South Africa for further testing, said Mangwanya.
Not enough information is known about the disease's effect on local elephants to predict a long-term outcome, he said.
"It is unlikely that this disease alone will have any serious overall impact," on the survival of the southern African country's booming elephant population, said Mangwanya.
"Yes they die, but honestly this is just nothing, a drop in the ocean because we have over 84,000 elephants in Zimbabwe, which is overpopulation already," he said. "But this is a disease that we should work seriously to make sure that we unearth and identify properly so that corrective measures are taken," said Mangwanya.
In neighbouring Botswana, home to the world's largest population of the pachyderms, the government last week said the sudden deaths of some 330 elephants in the northwestern region of the country earlier this year may have occurred because they drank water contaminated by toxic blue-green algae.
Mangwanya said the recent elephant deaths in Zimbabwe also showed that the animals experienced "extremely sudden death", and that Botswana might need to conduct tests to find out if it's not the same bacterial infection being experienced in Zimbabwe.
- AP