The student and teacher continue to scrap before some of the other students yell for it to stop. A number of students flee the classroom and panicked screams can be heard.
The fight started after a 16-year-old student aggressively approached the teacher.
The teacher is seen losing it, pushing the boy to the ground before a flurry of punches was thrown by the pair.
The 16-year-old boy was arrested and the teacher is currently under investigation.
A Jefferson County Public Schools spokesman said: "The teacher is not in the classroom today and the investigation is ongoing."
The video was then posted on social media and has been shared on Facebook nearly 180,000 times.
The school's principal Clay Holbrook was punched in the face in a separate incident earlier this month.
Superintendent Marty Pollio said the district will "respond to the school as a whole and make some necessary adjustments in order to correct" the recent tensions.
He added: "We're going to make some decisions about how we can support the school and make sure that we can eliminate some of these problems."