French President Emmanuel Macron and British premier Keir Starmer were to miss the gathering because of schedule clashes – sending their foreign ministers instead – but Macron met Zelenskyy for bilateral talks just beforehand.
The huddle came just over a month before Trump reclaims the US presidency, having pledged to bring a swift end to a conflict that Nato says has left more than one million dead and wounded since Russia’s 2022 invasion.
There are fears that Trump could pull US support for Kyiv and force it to make painful concessions to Moscow. European leaders, keen not to be left on the sidelines, are scrambling to come up with their own plans.
“Europe needs a strong, united position to ensure lasting peace,” Zelenskyy stressed as he arrived in the Belgian capital.
European leaders insist that only Ukraine should decide when it is ready to negotiate with Russia.
The meeting’s top focus, Rutte said, was to make sure that Ukraine was “in the best possible position one day when they decide to start the peace talks”.
Likewise, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz told reporters earlier in Brussels the priority was to secure the “sovereignty of Ukraine – and that it will not be forced to submit to a dictated peace”.
But discussions have begun between some capitals over the potential deployment of European troops to Ukraine to secure any eventual ceasefire.
While this was raised at a recent meeting between Macron and Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk, diplomats say it remains too early to draw up concrete proposals.
Scholz told reporters that discussing boots on the ground was premature, saying it “does not make sense” at this stage.
Rutte instead said Kyiv’s allies should focus on ramping up arms supplies – and urged them not to debate possible peace conditions in public as it risks playing into Moscow’s hands.
“If we now start to discuss amongst ourselves what a deal could look like, we make it so easy for the Russians,” he said.
Western backers are seeking to shore up Ukraine’s forces as Kyiv’s fatigued troops are losing ground across the frontline and Moscow has deployed North Koreans to the battlefield.
Zelenskyy – who will also attend an EU summit on Thursday – said he wanted to discuss “how to urgently strengthen Ukraine on the battlefield, politically and geopolitically”.
Most immediately Zelenskyy is pleading for over a dozen more air defence systems to try to help stave off Russian barrages against Ukraine’s power grid.
But Ukraine’s leader has said Trump’s arrival could mean the war ends next year and has called for allies to help secure a peace deal that Moscow cannot violate.
As the change of guard approached in the US, Zelenskyy appeared to soften his stance on any potential peace push.
He has said that if Ukraine is given firm security guarantees by Nato and enough weaponry it could agree to a ceasefire along current lines and look to regain the rest of its territory through diplomatic means.
But Nato members have rebuffed Kyiv’s calls for an invitation to join their alliance right away, sparking speculation that sending peacekeepers could be an alternative.
“Officially that is not on the agenda, but since there will be a lot of important people in the same room, it cannot entirely be ruled out,” a Nato diplomat said.
The meeting is “basically about Zelenskyy asking for more military aid”, the diplomat added.
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