In a statement carried by WikiLeaks after weeks of silence, Snowden thanked the Russian authorities for offering him temporary asylum and accused Obama of showing "no respect for international or domestic law" in his bid to have him returned to the United States to face trial and a probable lengthy sentence.
WikiLeaks said the United States had made onward travel from Russia "impossible" despite Snowden filing 20 appeals for asylum to various countries. It accused Obama of having "now prosecuted more national security whistleblowers than all other Presidents in [US] history combined".
Snowden's whereabouts last night were unknown. Speaking to Russian state television, his lawyer Anatoly Kucherena said his client left the airport for an undisclosed location, adding only that it was "secure".
Snowden eluded hordes of journalists who have staked out Sheremetyevo Airport since he landed there from Hong Kong in June.
State television aired a photograph of "No 0011330", a temporary asylum document valid until July 31, 2014, and inset with a recent photograph of Snowden.
Kucherena, who has ties to the FSB security services, said Snowden had been transferred to an undisclosed location which would be kept secret for security reasons.