Pence is expected to discuss Iceland's strategic importance in the Arctic and NATO's efforts to counter Russia in the region. In July, the United States announced it would invest $57 million on military infrastructure near Iceland's capital Reykjavik.
"This is unprecedented for an Icelandic prime minister," historian Thor Whitehead told The Associated Press. "I doubt any other Western leader would decide to address a friendly conference abroad instead of welcoming a major foreign ally."
The office of prime minister holds the highest authority in Iceland, where the presidency is a symbolic position without much formal power.
Since taking office, Jakobsdottir has spearheaded progressive policies on abortion rights, LGBT rights and climate change. Activists including members of her own Left Green Party have protested Pence's visit, calling it "disrespectful" to minorities.
Pence's visit is organised by Iceland's foreign ministry, led by Gudlaugur Thor Thordarson from Iceland's conservative Independence Party. The party is Iceland's largest and entered into a rare coalition with Jakobsdottir's party after failing to secure a majority in elections in 2017.
Pence will be the first US vice president to visit Iceland, a country of just 350,000 people, since George HW Bush visited Reykjavik in 1983.
- AP