Media savvy and with a huge presence on Russia's internet, Navalny has won tens of thousands of supporters who follow his work online and donate funds to his anti-corruption campaigns.
He has no access to Russia's federal television channels, tightly controlled by the Kremlin and used to demonise any opposition to President Vladimir Putin.
Navalny, 36, faces up to 10 years in prison if found guilty. He became a force to be reckoned with during last year's electoral season, when Putin returned to the Kremlin following four years as Prime Minister. Protests rocked the capital and Putin fought back by arresting dozens of demonstrators, including the punk group Pussy Riot, and enacting repressive laws. The protests fizzled out and anger at Putin retreated online.
Navalny returned to conducting stinging investigations of corruption involving officials from Putin's inner circle. Last northern summer he uncovered the fact that Alexander Bastrykin, the head of Russia's investigative committee and a close Putin ally, had secret property holdings in the Czech Republic. In recent months he exposed several MPs' secret ownership of luxury properties in the US and Canada. Two have since resigned.
Vladimir Markin, the spokesman for the investigative committee, a powerful department similar to the US FBI, admitted that Navalny's activities prompted the case against him.
"If a person uses all his power to bring attention to himself, who, you can even say, teases the authorities - saying, 'look, I'm so good compared to everyone else' - then interest in his past and the process of exposing him goes faster," Markin told Izvestiya, a pro-government newspaper.
He denied, however, that the case was political.
Navalny's supporters have accused the Government of holding the trial far from Moscow in order to cover up the fact that it is a political trial. "But Alexei has a lot of supporters - I don't think it will go off as quietly as our government wants it to," said Alexandra Astakhova, a journalist at Vedomosti, a respected financial daily, and the curator of a Facebook group called "The case against Navalny is a case against us all".
The group features Russians of all stripes contributing photographs of support for the embattled opposition leader - from toddlers to people in their 80s.
"We all want to show that we're not scared," Astakhova said. "They're trying to turn the case against Navalny into a vulgar political-economic case to lessen the attention. Our goal is that that not be the case."
Yet behind all the activism lies a sense of dread. Kremlin critics have long expected the authorities to move against Navalny. Navalny himself has said that he was prepared for arrest.
Those who have dared to criticise Putin to a large audience - from the fallen oligarch Mikhail Khodorkovsky to former KGB officer Alexander Litvinenko - have suffered harsh fates. Now, it is Navalny's turn.
"There are dreams when you know ahead of time how they will end - but there's nothing you can do to change the nightmarish logic of their plot or wake up from the dreamy horror," wrote Yury Saprykin, a journalist and opposition activist, describing the case against Navalny. "And I ... can't think up a way for us all to get out of this nightmare."
- Observer
