Today's vote is the closest high court confirmation ever to a presidential election, and the first in modern times with no support from the minority party.
The spiking Covid-19 crisis has hung over the proceedings.
Vice-President Mike Pence's office said he would not preside at the Senate session unless his tie-breaking vote is needed after Democrats asked him to stay away when his aides tested positive for Covid-19.
With Barrett's confirmation all but assured, Trump was expected to celebrate with a swearing-in event at the White House after the vote.
"This is something to be really proud of and feel good about," Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said during a session yesterday.
He scoffed at the "apocalyptic" warnings from critics that the judicial branch was becoming mired in partisan politics and declared that "they won't be able to do much about this for a long time to come."
Pence's presence presiding for the vote would have been expected, showcasing the Republican priority. But Senate Democratic leader Chuck Schumer and his leadership team said that it would not only violate virus guidelines of the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, "it would also be a violation of common decency and courtesy."
Some GOP senators tested positive for the coronavirus following a Rose Garden event with Trump to announce Barrett's nomination, but they have since said they have been cleared by their doctors from quarantine. Pence's office said the Vice-President tested negative for the virus today.
Democrats argued for weeks that the vote was being improperly rushed and insisted during an all-night session it should be up to the winner of the election to name the nominee. However, Barrett, a federal appeals court judge from Indiana, is expected to be seated swiftly, and begin hearing cases.
Senator Elizabeth Warren, D, called the vote "illegitimate" and "the last gasp of a desperate party."
Several pre-election matters are awaiting decision just a week before election day, and she could be a decisive vote in Republican appeals of court orders extending the deadline for absentee ballots in North Carolina and Pennsylvania.
The justices also are weighing Trump's emergency plea for the court to prevent the Manhattan District Attorney from acquiring his tax returns. And on November 11, the court is expected to hear the Trump-backed challenge to the Obama-era Affordable Care Act.
Trump has said he wanted to swiftly install a ninth justice to resolve election disputes and is hopeful the justices will end the health law known as "Obamacare."
During several days of public testimony before the Senate Judiciary Committee, Barrett was careful not to disclose how she would rule on any such cases.
She presented herself as a neutral arbiter and suggested, "It's not the law of Amy." But her writings against abortion and a ruling on "Obamacare" show a deeply conservative thinker.
At the start of Trump's presidency, McConnell engineered a Senate rules change to allow confirmation by a majority of the 100 senators, rather than the 60-vote threshold traditionally needed to advance high court nominees over objections.
That was an escalation of a rules change Democrats put in place to advance other court and administrative nominees under President Barack Obama.
Republicans are taking a political plunge by pushing for confirmation days from the election with the presidency and Senate majority at stake.
Only one Republican, Senator Susan Collins in a tight re-election fight in Maine, is expected to vote against the nominee, not over any direct assessment of Barrett.
Rather, Collins said, "I do not think it is fair nor consistent to have a Senate confirmation vote prior to the election."
Trump and his Republican allies had hoped for a campaign boost, in much the way Trump generated excitement among conservatives and evangelical Christians in 2016 over a court vacancy.
That year, McConnell refused to allow the Senate to consider then President Barack Obama's choice to replace the late Justice Antonin Scalia arguing the new president should decide.
Most other Republicans facing tough races embraced the nominee to bolster their standing with conservatives.
But it's not clear the extraordinary effort to install the new justice over such opposition in a heated election year will pay political rewards to the GOP.
Democrats are unified against Barrett. While two senators voted to confirm Barrett in 2017 after Trump nominated the Notre Dame Law School professor, none are expected to now.
In a display of party priorities, California Senator Kamala Harris, the vice-presidential nominee, is expected to return to Washington from the campaign trail to join colleagues with a no vote.
No other Supreme Court justice has been confirmed on a recorded vote with no support from the minority party in at least 150 years, according to information provided by the Senate Historical Office.
- AP
