The Russians arrested everyone on board the ship, including cooks and journalists documenting the protest, after a few environmental activists tried to scale an offshore drilling platform owned by Russian state energy giant Gazprom.
All 30 were charged with hooliganism, which carries a maximum sentence of seven years. They were initially charged with piracy, a more serious offense, but investigators said those charges would be dropped.
"I haven't done anything wrong," Russell, 59, told the court, adding that he did not understand why he had been detained.
Judge Alla Yermakova refused him bail, saying he could flee the country, and ordered him held until Feb. 24.