Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg will lie in the US Capitol, the first woman in American history to be so honoured. Photo / AP
President Donald Trump appeared to secure enough support to fill the Supreme Court seat left open by the death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg without waiting for voters to decide whether to grant him a second term in what would be the fasted contest confirmation in modern history.
As Trump promised to announce his choice for the seat by Friday or "probably Saturday," after memorial services for Ginsburg, several key Senate Republicans threw their support behind a campaign-season dash to replace the liberal jurist by the election on Nov. 3 with a conservative who would shift the court's ideological centre to the right for years to come.
"We've got the votes to confirm Justice Ginsburg's replacement before the election," Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., the chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee and a close Trump ally, said Monday night on Fox News. "We're going to move forward in the committee; we're going to report the nomination out of the committee to the floor of the United States Senate so we can vote before the election."
Such a timetable, however, would leave only 38 days for the Senate to act and, as a practical matter, even less time because it is highly unlikely that Republicans would want to vote in the last few days before an election in which several of them face serious threats. Some senior Republican senators were still expressing caution about such an accelerated timetable even with the votes seemingly in hand, and Sen. Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, the Republican leader, has not publicly committed to a preelection vote.
But the president was buoyed after Sens. Charles Grassley of Iowa and Cory Gardner of Colorado, two of three remaining Republicans who might have opposed filling the seat, announced that they would support moving ahead with a nomination even though they refused to consider President Barack Obama's nomination in an election year in 2016. That left only Sen. Mitt Romney of Utah considered undecided, but even without him, it appeared to guarantee at least 50 Republican votes to move ahead, with Vice President Mike Pence available to break a tie.
With polls showing Trump trailing former Vice President Joe Biden, the Democratic presidential nominee, the president insisted on pressing ahead without waiting for an election he could lose. "I'd much rather have a vote before the election because there's a lot of work to be done, and I'd much rather have it," Trump told reporters. "We have plenty of time to do it. I mean, there's really a lot of time."
Trump privately met at the White House on Monday with Judge Amy Coney Barrett of the 7th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, in Chicago, his front-runner and a favourite of anti-abortion conservatives, who have told him that she is a female Antonin Scalia. The president spent much of the day with her and later told associates that he liked her, according to people close to the process, who considered her increasingly likely to be the pick.
Ginsburg, who died on Friday at 87, will be honoured at a private ceremony in the Great Hall of the Supreme Court on Wednesday morning, then will lie in repose outside the building for the rest of the day and on Thursday, the court announced, an unusual arrangement intended to accommodate the tens of thousands of admirers expected to pay their respects in the middle of the coronavirus pandemic.
The justice will also lie in state in the U.S. Capitol, the first woman in American history to be so honoured, and her coffin will be placed on the same catafalque that bore the body of President Abraham Lincoln, Speaker Nancy Pelosi announced Monday. The only other member of the Supreme Court ever to lie in state at the Capitol was William Howard Taft, who had served as president before becoming chief justice.
The politics of Ginsburg's replacement roiled Washington as senators returned to town for the first time since her death. Two Republican senators, Susan Collins of Maine and Lisa Murkowski of Alaska, said over the weekend that they opposed filling the seat until voters decide the presidency.
But McConnell reiterated that he intended to fill the seat before year's end, without explicitly committing to a vote before the election.
"The Senate has more than sufficient time to process a nomination," he said on the Senate floor. "History and precedent make that perfectly clear."
"This Senate will vote on this nomination this year," he added in a speech that was intended to justify proceeding after Republicans refused to even consider Obama's nomination of Judge Merrick Garland for almost nine months in 2016 partly on the grounds that voters should have a say in who filled the lifetime appointment.
McConnell and other Republicans rationalised taking the opposite position this year because their party controls both the White House and the Senate. Graham, for one, had vowed repeatedly not to support confirming any selection by Trump in an election year in keeping with the 2016 decision, only to flip-flop this weekend.
In a letter to Democrats Monday, Graham made no attempt to argue that he was being consistent or following a nonpartisan principle, but instead said he reversed himself in retaliation for the Democrats' treatment of Justice Brett Kavanaugh when he was confirmed in 2018 and because Republicans have the power to proceed. "I am certain if the shoe were on the other foot, you would do the same," Graham wrote.
Grassley, his predecessor as chairman and a key figure in helping McConnell block consideration of Garland, likewise reversed himself Monday. As recently as this summer, Grassley told reporters that out of fairness and consistency, he would not consider a Trump nominee before the election if he were still chairman.
But in a statement Monday, he noted that the chairmanship was now Graham's, and he would support his decision.
"Once the hearings are underway, it's my responsibility to evaluate the nominee on the merits, just as I always have," Grassley said. "The Constitution gives the Senate that authority, and the American people's voices in the most recent election couldn't be clearer."
Gardner, who is badly trailing his Democratic rival in a blue state where Trump is deeply unpopular, likewise threw his support to the president. "I have and will continue to support judicial nominees who will protect our Constitution, not legislate from the bench, and uphold the law," he said. "Should a qualified nominee who meets this criteria be put forward, I will vote to confirm."
Romney, a frequent critic of Trump, was seen as the last Republican who might balk. He is concerned about preserving the court's public reputation, but he is also a conservative reluctant to let an opportunity to shape the court pass by, aides said. He said he planned to announce his views after a senators' lunch on Tuesday.
Sen. Chuck Schumer of New York, the Democratic leader, excoriated Republicans for what he called a brazen power play. "To try and decide this at this late moment is despicable and wrong and against democracy," Schumer told reporters.
Privately, McConnell polled advisers and deputies about a complex set of political considerations with control of the Senate and presidency at stake. Some Republicans argued for announcing a nominee right away and beginning hearings but waiting to vote in a lame-duck session after the election.
Sen. Roy Blunt of Missouri, a member of McConnell's leadership team, said confirming a new justice by Nov. 3 would set "the new recent world record." He added, "We'd have to do more than we've done in a long time to get one done that quickly, but it's possible."
Since 1975, the average Supreme Court confirmation has taken about 70 days, and only two were quicker than currently contemplated — Justices John Paul Stevens in 1975 and Sandra Day O'Connor in 1981, both of whom were approved unanimously. Since Ginsburg was confirmed, with little resistance in 1993, no confirmation has taken less than 62 days.
The last time a Supreme Court nominee facing meaningful opposition was confirmed in 38 days or less from the day of their initial nomination was in 1949. While the Senate has approved other nominees to the court in election years, none has been confirmed so close to a presidential election in U.S. history.
The calendar is not Trump's friend at this point. The Senate is out of session for Yom Kippur next Monday and Tuesday, leaving fewer than 25 business days before Election Day to vet any nominee, conduct multiple days of hearings and hold committee and floor votes. If they moved at breakneck speed with no surprises, Republicans could, in theory, hold a vote by late the week of Oct. 19 or early the next.
Democrats have a few tools to slow down the process — most notably the ability to postpone approval by the committee for a week — but they quite likely have no means to stop Republicans because filibusters were eliminated in Supreme Court confirmations. If a vote were to be delayed until after the election, Democrats could quickly gain an extra vote, assuming Mark Kelly wins a special election in Arizona and is sworn into that seat in November.
To White House officials, the short time frame argued for Barrett because she was a finalist two years ago and therefore already largely vetted. As she met with the president on Monday, and came away poised to be chosen, there was still attention on Judge Barbara Lagoa of the 11th Circuit because she is a Cuban-American from Florida, a critical state for the president's reelection chances.
Trump told reporters that he had narrowed the list to five women, but the other three identified by the people informed about the process were seen as long shots: Kate Todd, a deputy White House counsel, and Judges Allison Jones Rushing of the 4th Circuit and Joan Larsen of the 6th Circuit.
The brewing confirmation fight quickly became a campaign issue. Committing an initial US$2.2 million in spending, Judicial Crisis Network, a conservative advocacy group, fired the first shots in what is expected to be a costly advertising war to try to sway public sentiment and influence key Republican senators. The group said it would run ads in Colorado and Utah, as well as in Iowa, Maine and North Carolina, where Republican incumbents are in competitive races.
Republicans hope the issue will rally conservative voters who might otherwise not turn out, but a poll released Monday suggested that Democrats might be more energised by the fight. Sixty percent of Democrats called the Supreme Court "very important" in deciding their vote in November, up 12 percentage points, while 54% of Republicans agreed, according to the survey by Politico and Morning Consult.
While aides wanted him to announce his pick as early as Tuesday, Trump said he opted to wait out of deference to Ginsburg. But even as he talked about showing respect for her, he asserted with absolutely zero evidence that her dying wish that she not be replaced until the next president is chosen, as conveyed by her granddaughter to NPR, was actually scripted by Democrats like Pelosi, Schumer or Rep. Adam Schiff of California.
"I don't know that she said that, or was that written out by Adam Schiff and Schumer and Pelosi?" he told "Fox & Friends." "I would be more inclined to the second, OK, you know? That came out of the wind. It sounds so beautiful, but that sounds like a Schumer deal, or maybe a Pelosi or Shifty Schiff."
Written by: Peter Baker and Nicholas Fandos
© 2020 THE NEW YORK TIMES
He criticised Powell for not lowering interest rates.