Russia has insisted that a law banning "propaganda of non-traditional relations" does not discriminate against gays, but gay rights group say it has given a green light to harassment and intimidation.
Without directly referring to the anti-gay law, Putin focused on upholding traditional family values, which he said were the foundation of Russia's greatness and a bulwark against "so-called tolerance - genderless and infertile".
He argued that the "destruction of traditional values from the top" going on in other countries is "inherently undemocratic because it is based on abstract ideas and runs counter to the will of the majority of people".
Putin's posture as a protector of conservative values and his scathing criticism of the West have been part of efforts to shore up his domestic support base of blue-collar workers, farmers and state employees against mounting criticism from the urban middle class.
This speech was also pitched to conservatives worldwide.
Without naming any specific country, he blasted "attempts to enforce allegedly more progressive development models" on other nations, saying they have led only to "decline, barbarity and big blood" in the Middle East and North Africa.
He denied that Russia was trying to coerce Ukraine into joining a Moscow-led free trade pact. The Ukrainian president's decision last month to spurn an alliance with the European Union in favour of closer ties with Russia has triggered massive protests in Ukraine's capital that have been going on for three weeks.
Without naming the United States, Putin described the US program of developing "prompt global strike" weapons as an attempt to tilt the strategic balance in its favour and vowed to counter it.
The US program envisages creating long-range non-nuclear weapons that could strike targets anywhere in the world in as little as an hour with deadly precision.
Putin said that Russia sees the effort a threat to its nuclear deterrent and will take countermeasures.
"Expanding the potential of strategic non-nuclear precision weapons along with developing missile defence systems could nullify all earlier nuclear arms reduction agreements and upset the strategic balance," Putin said. "Russia will respond to all those challenges, both political and technological. No one should have an illusion that it's possible to achieve a military superiority over Russia."
He boasted about the nation's nuclear arsenal, saying that foreign powers will have to catch up with the level of new Russian nuclear weapons.
A day earlier, a senior Russian official warned that Moscow reserves the right to use nuclear weapons in response to a conventional strike.
Russia-US relations long have been strained by a dispute over the US-led NATO missile defence system, Moscow's rights record, and, most recently, Ukraine.
In an apparent jab at the US, Putin said that Russia is not "seeking a superpower status or trying to claim a global or regional hegemony".
Turning to economic issues, Putin announced measures to encourage Russian companies that register and pay taxes in offshore jurisdictions to take money home.
"You want to have offshores? Fine. But get the money here," he said.
For years, many Russian companies registered in countries like Cyprus or Luxembourg to avoid Moscow's heavy-handed regulation and unpredictable legal and tax practices.
Putin insisted that foreign-registered companies that operate in Russia and are owned by Russian citizens should be obliged to pay taxes in Russia.
He said that Russian companies registered offshore will not be allowed to bid for state contracts, a major source of income for many Russian businesses.
- AP
