In his response to the critics, the pope said he was not speaking "as a technician but according to the social doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church, and this does not mean being Marxist". He said he was just trying to present a "snapshot of what is happening" in the world today.
In another document last week, he said huge salaries and bonuses were symptoms of an economy based on greed and called again for nations to narrow the wealth gap.
Speaking to La Stampa, Pope Francis covered a range of topics. He said another rumour about his leadership - that he would be appointing women as cardinals next year - was unfounded.
"I don't know where that idea comes from. Women in the Church should be valued, not 'clericalised'," he said.
He also said that the "lengthy task" to reform the Vatican's murky finances was "on the right path", with a committee due to report in February.
And in a look forward to an anniversary visit to the Holy Land, Pope Francis said he had been invited by both Israel and the Palestinian territories for a trip expected in either May or June.
- Independent UK