Netanyahu's presentation, made in front of a large screen at the Israeli Defence Ministry, seemed designed to convince Trump to follow his instincts and pull the US out of the agreement ahead of a May 12 deadline.
Trump said in Washington that the Israeli presentation "really showed that I've been 100 per cent right".
"That is just not an acceptable situation," he said. "They [Iran] are not sitting back idly, they're setting off missiles."
Trump refused to say what his final decision would be but said he was open to negotiating "a better deal". Iran and other members of the P5+1 bloc of world powers have said it is not possible to renegotiate the agreement or strike a new pact.
Netanyahu's talk served as a counterweight to a furious diplomatic effort by French President Emmanuel Macron and German Chancellor Angela Merkel, who both visited the White House last week to implore Trump not to scrap the agreement.
Britain supports remaining in the agreement and Prime Minister Theresa May spoke to both her German and French counterparts about the situation over the weekend.
Netanyahu said the files had already been shared with the US and that American intelligence "can vouch for its authenticity". Israel plans to share it with other Western countries and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the UN nuclear watchdog.
Javad Zarif, the Iranian Foreign Minister, mocked Netanyahu's speech before it even began. "The boy who can't stop crying wolf is at it again," Zarif said. "You can only fool some of the people so many times.
Netanyahu said the 55,000 pages and 55,000 electronic documents had been secreted out of an archive in the Shorabad district of southern Tehran. "Few Iranians knew where it was, very few, and also a few Israelis," he said.
Netanyahu said Israeli spies had pulled off one of their "biggest-ever intelligence achievements" by getting the files out of Tehran but gave no details about how they ended up in Israeli hands.
The files were from "Project Amad", which Netanyahu said was a secret Iranian programme to develop nuclear weapons. Iran's leaders have said consistently that they did not want a nuclear bomb and that their nuclear intentions were entirely peaceful.
Project Amad was shelved in 2003 but elements of it secretly continued and remain functional to this day under the direction of the same Iranian scientists who conducted the original research, Netanyahu said.
He charged that Iran had failed to "come clean" about its past nuclear activities in 2015, after the nuclear deal was signed, when Iran was required by the agreement to tell the IAEA about all its previous research.
Iranian officials "denied the existence of a coordinated programme aimed at the development of a nuclear device and specifically denied the existence of the Amad Plan", the IAEA wrote in its December 2015 assessment.
Netanyahu said that Iran was preserving its nuclear knowhow, which could be applied again in 2026 when parts of the nuclear deal expire and Iran is allowed to return to largescale enrichment of uranium.
Netanyahu did not present evidence that Iran was currently violating the terms of the nuclear deal, for example by secretly enriching uranium now.
The IAEA has said consistently that Iran is abiding by the terms of the agreement since it went into force in January 2016. It last certified Iran's compliance in February of this year.
Senior US and Israeli military officers have also said in recent weeks that the Iran deal may be flawed but is achieving its central purpose of stopping Iranian progress towards a nuclear weapon.
"Right now the agreement, with all its faults, is working and is putting off realisation of the Iranian nuclear vision by 10 to 15 years," said General Gadi Eisenkot, the head of the Israeli military, in an interview on March 30.
General Joseph Votel, the top US commander in the Middle East, said on March 14 that the deal "addresses one of the principle threats that we deal with from Iran".
The announcement was in character for Netanyahu, who has a history of theatrical flourishes when it comes to announcements on Iran.
During a speech before a security conference in Munich in February, the Israeli leader brandished a piece of an Iranian drone shot down by Israel's air force.
Six years ago, he brought a cartoon poster of a bomb to the United Nations as he warned against allowing Iran to acquire a nuclear weapon.
Iran nuclear talks
What was the core bargain?
That Iran would scale back its nuclear programme in return for America and its allies lifting sanctions
Why did it take so long?
Negotiators tried to agree every detail of Iran's nuclear programme, along with a more rigorous inspection regime, plus a timetable for lifting sanctions
Haven't there been nuclear agreements in the past?
Yes. An interim deal signed in Geneva in 2013 put temporary limits on Iran's nuclear activity and eased sanctions. Another in April 2015 drew parameters of a final accord. In 2015 negotiators tried to end the confrontation once and for all
Who were the key players?
John Kerry, the US secretary of state, and Mohammad Javad Zarif, the Iranian foreign minister. Zarif has spent more time face-to-face with Kerry than any other foreign minister in the world
Was this just a matter for America and Iran?
No. The talks with Iran were handled by a contact group called the "P5 plus 1", comprising America, Britain, France, Russia and China – along with Germany
