The Interior Ministry said in a statement that an insurgent mortar round fired in eastern Nuristan killed seven civilians, a claim denied by the Taliban in an email.
President Hamid Karzai condemned the attack, which took place near a mosque, along with another mosque bombing in eastern Ghazni that killed two civilians and wounded four. Neither attack targeted government or military personnel.
Both the government and insurgents regularly inflate casualty figures, which cannot be immediately confirmed independently.
The Interior Ministry also said insurgents beat and killed two young boys they accused of spying for the government in eastern Kunar province, a charge also denied by the Taliban.
Violence has been escalating around the country in recent months as insurgents press a campaign to retake territory, which they have so far not managed to do. But the violence has resulted in an increase in civilian and security force casualties.
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Associated Press writer Mirwais Khan in Kandahar, Afghanistan, contributed to this report.