An artist's rendering of the Parker Solar Probe approaching the Sun earlier today. Photo / Nasa
An artist's rendering of the Parker Solar Probe approaching the Sun earlier today. Photo / Nasa
A Nasa spacecraft has officially "touched" the sun, plunging through the unexplored solar atmosphere known as the corona.
Scientists announced the news today during a meeting of the American Geophysical Union.
The Parker Solar Probe actually flew through the corona in April during the spacecraft's eighth close approach to thesun. Scientists said it took a few months to get the data back and then several more months to confirm.
"Fascinatingly exciting," said project scientist Nour Raouafi of Johns Hopkins University.
Launched in 2018, Parker was 13 million kilometres from the centre of the sun when it first crossed the jagged, uneven boundary between the solar atmosphere and outgoing solar wind. The spacecraft dipped in and out of the corona at least three times, each a smooth transition, according to scientists.
"The first and most dramatic time we were below for about five hours ... Now you might think five hours, that doesn't sound big," the University of Michigan's Justin Kasper told reporters. But he noted that Parker was moving so fast it covered a vast distance during that time, tearing along at more than 100km per second.
The corona appeared dustier than expected, according to Raouafi. Future coronal excursions will help scientists better understand the origin of the solar wind, he said, and how it is heated and accelerated out into space. Because the sun lacks a solid surface, the corona is where the action is; exploring this magnetically intense region up close can help scientists better understand solar outbursts that can interfere with life here on Earth.
Preliminary data suggest Parker also dipped into the corona during its ninth close approach in August, but scientists said more analyses are needed. It made its 10th close approach last month.
