But the race to replace her - at whatever date she hands over the keys to 10 Downing Street - is nonetheless on.
Here are the favourites to replace May, according to the bookmaker William Hill.
- Michael Gove (5/2)
Britain's education secretary is one of the bookies favorite to replace. A prominent Brexiteer and one of the Conservative Party's more cerebral figures, Gove played a key role in the "Vote Leave" campaign in 2016. He has been loyal to May since returning to the Cabinet, but his reputation took a big hit after he was accused of betraying Boris Johnson in the 2016 leadership contest.
- Boris Johnson (5/1)
Britain's flamboyant former foreign secretary and a leading Brexiteer is a clear front-runner. Johnson is a rare politician who has cross-party appeal. He served two terms as the mayor of London - an impressive feat in a city that normally votes Labour. He is also a divisive figure whose time as foreign secretary has received mixed reviews. His biggest challenge could be mustering support from fellow MPs, which is needed in the first phase of the leadership race. When he announced he was backing Brexit, he lost a lot of support in London, which is overwhelmingly pro-EU. But even though he isn't the pin-up he once was, his star power is still hard to match.
- Jeremy Hunt (7/1)
Jeremy Hunt became foreign secretary after Boris Johnson resigned over May's handling of Brexit negotiations. Previously, Hunt served as health secretary, a position he held for nearly six years. He voted to remain in the 2016 referendum but since said he's had a change of heart, citing the EU's "arrogance" in the Brexit negotiations.
- David Lidington (7/1)
David Lidington is May's de facto deputy and seen as a safe pair of hands. An affable politician, his name has been bandied about as a potential "caretaker" prime minister. He recently told reporters: "One thing that working closely with the prime minister does is cure you completely of any lingering shred of ambition to want to do that task."
- Sajid Javid (9/1)
Sajid Javid is the first ethnic minority politician to serve as Britain's Home Secretary. A longtime Eurosceptic, he reluctantly backed "remain" in the 2016 referendum. Writing in the Mail on Sunday, he said he voted to remain in the bloc with a "heavy heart and no enthusiasm." His parents were born in India and moved to Pakistan before coming to Britain. When Javid took over as home secretary last year, he promised to "do right" by the "Windrush generation," people brought legally from Commonwealth countries in the Caribbean to help rebuild Britain after World War II. They could have been "me, my mum or my dad," he said.
The other favourites? Dominic Raab (12/1), Jacob Rees Mogg (20/1), Andrea Leadsom (20/1) and Amber Rudd (20/1).