The Ultras White Knights, who have been at the forefront of previous anti-government protests, said on their Facebook page that most of the victims had been trapped inside a metal enclosure that was only set up at the grounds the day before the match.
Others also pointed fingers at the authorities, including several youth groups who demanded the resignation of Interior Minister Mohamed Ibrahim.
The violence - reminiscent of clashes that killed more than 70 people after a football match in Port Said in 2012 - erupted as thousands of fans tried to force their way into a Cairo stadium to watch a game, triggering panic as police fired tear gas and birdshot at the crowd.
Health officials said all the victims, mostly youngsters, were crushed in a stampede.
"There are no signs of gunshot or birdshot," senior health official Khaled al-Khatib said.
"The victims had lots of bruises, while some had broken necks... People were trampling each other."
At least 25 others were injured, the health ministry said.
- AFP