A highly coordinated jailbreak by al-Qaida at the prison and another Baghdad-area lockup in July set free more than 500 inmates, including several militants.
Hospital officials confirmed Thursday's casualty figures. All officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they weren't authorized to release the information.
There was no immediate claim of responsibility. Al-Qaida's Iraq branch frequently detonates car bombs in areas with large numbers of civilians in the hopes of maximizing the number of casualties and undermining public confidence in the Shiite-led government.
More than 4,000 people have been killed in violent attacks in Iraq since the start of April, when the pace of killing accelerated to levels unseen since 2008.
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