The remote area of Indonesia, which sits above the Northern Territory, caused tremors in Darwin for about five minutes.
Indonesia's geophysics agency said the deep quake didn't cause a tsunami.
There have been no reports of casualties or damage to buildings.
The quake was preceded by a swarm of nine shocks west of Papua province's Abepura town, Indonesia.
The series of strong, shallow quakes ranging from 4.7 to 6.1 magnitude struck at depths of 10km-20km. There were no initial reports of major damage or injuries.
Rahmat Triyono, Indonesia's head of earthquake and tsunami centre, said the larger of the quakes was followed by several smaller aftershocks, but there is no immediate report of major damage or injuries.
Indonesia is prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions due to its location along the Pacific "Ring of Fire."
A powerful Indian Ocean quake and tsunami in 2004 killed a total of 230,000 people in a dozen countries, most of them in Indonesia.